Faculty of Culture and Society
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The Faculty of Culture and Society is comprised of the School of Hospitality and Tourism, the School of Education, the School of Language and Culture and the School of Social Sciences and Public Policy, as well as three research institutes:
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- ItemA conceptual model of the management of creativity and innovation in airports(Council for Australasian University Tourism and Hospitality Education (CAUTHE), 2013-02) Losekoot, E; Wright, NThis paper takes the top ten airports identified in the SKYTRAX 2011 airport awards and investigates to what extent their success might be due to creative and innovative management actions. The literature review considers factors such as historical development, geographical location, ownership structure and role of the airport. It uses publicly available qualitative and quantitative data to identify factors that may have contributed to their success and presents a conceptual model. This research demonstrates there is evidence for each of the factors proposed in the model. However in this exploratory study there was little uniformity in terms of the relative success in the awards. The paper recommends that further empirical research is carried out to test the strength and direction of relationships between factors.
- ItemA Critical Review of Curriculum Mapping: Implications for the Development of an Ethical Teacher Professionality(Massey University, 2008) Benade, LeonCurriculum mapping, a curriculum design methodology popularised in America has found favour in New Zealand schools as they develop their own curricula in line with the recently introduced New Zealand Curriculum. This paper considers the implications of curriculum mapping for the development of an ethical teaching profession. Curriculum mapping is problematised because it reflects positivist theories of knowledge and leads to further technicisation of schooling. The requirement that schools develop their own curricula could however open the possibility to develop pedagogically and theoretically sound curricula and offers teachers and managers the opportunity to regain ownership of their work as they review their current curricula, leading to engagement in a genuinely ethical and collaborative dialogue.
- ItemA Critical Review of the Revised IELTS Speaking Test(Macrothink Institute, 2013-12-26) Roshan, SaeedThe International English Language Test System (IELTS) is currently one of the English tests of repute, which is employed to assess the language proficiency of candidates planning to study or work in contexts where English is employed as the language of communication. This study is a critical review of the Revised IELTS Speaking Test (RIST) in order to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the revised version. The findings indicate that the reduction from 5 phases to 3 phases in the structure, the introduction of an Interlocutor Frame (IF), the change of the rating system from holistic to analytic, and validity are the strong points of RIST. The weaknesses in the RIST could be subjectivity of the test, deviation from IF, and potential cultural bias. The study provides some recommendations for improvement of the Revised IELTS Speaking Test.
- ItemA Framework for Mapping and Monitoring Human-Ocean Interactions in Near Real-Time During COVID-19 and Beyond(Elsevier BV, 2022-04-16) Ward-Paige, CA; White, ER; Madin, EMP; Osgood, GJ; Bailes, LK; Bateman, RL; Belonje, E; Burns, KV; Cullain, N; Darbyshire-Jenkins, P; de Waegh, RS; Eger, AM; Fola-Matthews, L; Ford, BM; Gonson, C; Honeyman, CJ; House, JE; Jacobs, E; Jordan, LK; Levenson, JJ; Lucchini, K; Martí-Puig, MPP; McGuire, LAH; Meneses, C; Montoya-Maya, PH; Noonan, RA; Ruiz-Ruiz, PA; Ruy, PE; Saputra, RA; Shedrawi, G; Sing, B; Tietbohl, MD; Twomey, A; Florez, DV; Yamb, LThe human response to the COVID-19 pandemic set in motion an unprecedented shift in human activity with unknown long-term effects. The impacts in marine systems are expected to be highly dynamic at local and global scales. However, in comparison to terrestrial ecosystems, we are not well-prepared to document these changes in marine and coastal environments. The problems are two-fold: 1) manual and siloed data collection and processing, and 2) reliance on marine professionals for observation and analysis. These problems are relevant beyond the pandemic and are a barrier to understanding rapidly evolving blue economies, the impacts of climate change, and the many other changes our modern-day oceans are undergoing. The “Our Ocean in COVID-19″ project, which aims to track human-ocean interactions throughout the pandemic, uses the new eOceans platform (eOceans.app) to overcome these barriers. Working at local scales, a global network of ocean scientists and citizen scientists are collaborating to monitor the ocean in near real-time. The purpose of this paper is to bring this project to the attention of the marine conservation community, researchers, and the public wanting to track changes in their area. As our team continues to grow, this project will provide important baselines and temporal patterns for ocean conservation, policy, and innovation as society transitions towards a new normal. It may also provide a proof-of-concept for real-time, collaborative ocean monitoring that breaks down silos between academia, government, and at-sea stakeholders to create a stronger and more democratic blue economy with communities more resilient to ocean and global change.
- Item“A labour of love”: Active Lifestyle Entrepreneurship (Occupational Devotion) During a Time of COVID-19(Frontiers Media SA, 2021-04-22) Wright, Richard Keith; Wiersma, Cindy; Ajiee, Richard OparaThe Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) crisis management strategies adopted by world leaders across the globe in 2020 impacted the work-life balance of billions of people. Entire populations were forced to stay at home and maintain a safe distance from family members, friends, colleagues, and customers. Occupational devotion is defined as a feeling of strong, positive attachment to a form of self-enhancing employment, where achievement and fulfillment are high, and the core activity has such intense appeal that the line between this work and leisure is virtually erased. Although it is not a new concept, this area of the serious leisure perspective has been largely overlooked by scholars observing the world of sport events and entrepreneurship. Using Creative Analytical Practice (CAP), a post-qualitative methodology, we present the personal narrative of a New Zealand-based active lifestyle entrepreneur who, as a result of a nationwide COVID19 lockdown, was forced to re-assess his long-established occupational devotion. Our co-constructed story offers an emotive insight into the personal cost and consequences of finding yourself living in a lockdown.
- ItemA Review of Research into Tourism Work and Employment: Launching the Annals of Tourism Research Curated Collection on Tourism Work and Employment(Elsevier BV, 2023-05) Ladkin, Adele; Mooney, Shelagh; Solnet, David; Baum, Tom; Robinson, Richard; Yan, Hongmin
- ItemA Seat at the Table: Can the Hospitality Industry Work Together to Find a Sustainable Way Forward(The School of Hospitality & Tourism, Auckland University of Technology, 2023-04-25) Richardson, RobAotearoa's post-COVID19 hopitality industry is in a sate of flux. COVID19 has seen the industry tipped upside down and this disruption has highlight structuial issues that lay below the surface. To build toward a sustainable, more rewarding future the industry needs to come together, reflect, communicate and plan. But does the industry have the ability or desire to do so?
- ItemA Year of Pandemic: Levels, Changes and Validity of Well-being Data from Twitter. Evidence From Ten Countries(Public Library of Science (PLoS), ) Sarracino, Francesco; Greyling, Talita; Peroni, Chiara; O'Connor, Kelsey; Rossouw, StephanieWe use daily happiness scores (Gross National Happiness (GNH)) to illustrate how happiness changed throughout 2020 in ten countries across Europe and the Southern hemisphere. More frequently and regularly available than survey data, the GNH reveals how happiness sharply declined at the onset of the pandemic and lockdown, quickly recovered, and then trended downward throughout much of the year in Europe. GNH is derived by applying sentiment and emotion analysis–based on Natural Language Processing using machine learning algorithms–to Twitter posts (tweets). Using a similar approach, we generate another 11 variables: eight emotions and three new context-specific variables, in particular: trust in national institutions, sadness in relation to loneliness, and fear concerning the economy. Given the novelty of the dataset, we use multiple methods to assess validity. We also assess the correlates of GNH. The results indicate that GNH is negatively correlated with new COVID-19 cases, containment policies, and disgust and positively correlated with staying at home, surprise, and generalised trust. Altogether the analyses indicate tools based on Big Data, such as the GNH, offer relevant data that often fill information gaps and can valuably supplement traditional tools. In this case, the GNH results suggest that both the severity of the pandemic and containment policies negatively correlated with happiness.
- ItemAbove and Beyond: A Grounded Theory of Aotearoa/New Zealand High School Teachers’ Perspectives on International Study Tours(Springer, 2023-05-19) O'Donnell, Donna; Orams, Mark; Schanzel, HeikeThis paper addresses the dearth of research into the roles high school teachers play in organising and leading international study tours offered by high schools in New Zealand (prior to the COVID-19 pandemic). The aim of this paper is to provide insights into the motivations and experiences of teachers involved in these tours. A grounded theory approach was used, and qualitative data were collected via face-to-face interviews with eight teachers forming the basis of the development of a theory which proposes that both navigating and negotiating learning experiences are key aspects of the teacher’s role. Data revealed that the expectations and challenges placed upon the teachers had implications for their personal and professional lives. The tension between teachers’ perceived obligations for the safety of the students and the adolescent’s desire for freedom to explore whilst travelling proved difficult to resolve and teachers questioned the sacrifices they personally needed to make.
- ItemAcademic-Māori-Woman: The Impossible May Take a Little Longer(Informa UK Limited, 2021) Stewart, GTThis year’s Waitangi Day, 6 February 2021, saw the revival of a favourite zombie in New Zealand politics when Judith Collins, the leader of the Opposition, complained about not getting a chance to speak during the formalities, calling out Māori culture as sexist i.e. unlawful and backward. Only days earlier, after 25 years of waiting, hearings had finally begun for the ‘urgent’ Mana Wahine claim against the Crown, lodged with the Waitangi Tribunal in July 1993. At the same time, in several places around the country, Māori academics are in public conflict with their employer institutions, and as would be expected, Māori women academics are among those leading these actions. This editorial digs below the surface to identify and briefly sketch the common ground that draws together these various topical threads.
- ItemAccess Denied: Academic Life Under Lockdown(New Zealand Council for Educational Research, 2020) Devine, N; Stewart, G; Benade, L
- ItemAccessibility Information on the Websites of New Zealand Luxury Lodges(The School of Hospitality & Tourism, Auckland University of Technology, 2023-04-25) Gillovic, Brielle; Harkison, TracyThis article reports on a wider study determining the provision of accessibility information by New Zealand Luxury Lodges. It presents important insights about the importance and role of the website provision of accessibility information for potential guests with disabilities, and the implications of this for accommodation providers.
- ItemAccommodating Travellers With Pets: Is Auckland Ready?(School of Hospitality & Tourism, Auckland University of Technology, 2019-06-14) Chen, Y; Schanzel, HNew Zealand is considered a nation of pet lovers, with 64 percent of households owning at least one pet [1]. The aim of this study [2] was to explore what the main considerations were for hospitality operators in Auckland with regards to offering pet-friendly services. To answer this question, several key aspects were considered: pet tourism trends; market expansion of pet-friendly accommodations; the profitability of allowing pets; and operational implications, such as additional investment and labour costs. This explorative research interviewed ten accommodation providers in Auckland: five pet-friendly and five non-pet-friendly. These operators represented owners or managers of hotels, motels, lodges and apartments spread across Auckland and Waiheke Island. Research on operators’ perspectives on pet tourism is unexplored, with previous literature focusing on tourists’ perceptions [3–5]. This study hopes to provide practical implications for the industry, especially for the New Zealand context. New Zealand’s pet tourism market is considered small and mainly domestic. According to popular global dog travel directory Bring Fido [6], in 2017 there were a mere fifteen pet-friendly accommodations in Auckland, in stark contrast to other cities such as New York (367), London (96) and Paris (643). Interviewees’ opinions on the profitability of accommodating pet tourists varied. Non-pet operators rejected the idea of allowing pets due to an abundance of non-pet customers and were reluctant to accept perceived pet-related risks. Their pre-conceptions were likely formed by operating in silos without conducting any research on pet tourism and its market landscape. There was a genuine fear of negative online reviews which cannot be easily amended and can have significant longevity. Their key perceived risks were related to hygiene and allergy concerns for other customers. Preventative measures were believed to involve significant investment into property renovation. Pet friendly operators, who mainly accommodated dogs, shared a different perspective through their own experiences. They expressed high trust and optimism for pet tourists and had rarely experienced any major pet-related incidents. From a hygiene and allergy point of view, the risks were considered minimal and customers bore the responsibility when stating their allergies. Pet-friendly operators stated that no additional workload or costs were incurred through accommodating pets. Significant renovations were not deemed necessary, instead relying on what they already had. However, in the unlikely event of a major pet-related incident, the interviewees expressed that their trust towards accommodating pets would waver, meaning their tolerance of risk was not resilient. At the time of the research, pet-friendly operators were relaxed about pet policies and had not formalised them. The majority were conveying rules to pet tourists through word of mouth, such as that pets must be on a leash in public areas, instead of through written and signed agreements. Tellingly, pet-friendly operators did not perceive New Zealand’s pet tourism market as lucrative. They were allowing pets as an extension of service and lacked motivation to expand or to cater for more pets. The study highlights the potential for growth in the domestic pet tourism market despite the current stalemate, where those who allowed pets were supportive and vice versa. Improving this situation might require unified pet-friendly associations and certain levels of government intervention. In parallel, all operators should break out of silos and socialise more with their pet-friendly peers to gain knowledge and validate assumptions. Pet-friendly operators could improve engagement with pet tourists through standardised policies and formal agreements. With guidance and support from their peers, more accommodations may be capable of handling pets. Pet owners could look forward to a day when travelling with pets becomes much more accessible due to abundant pet-friendly accommodation.
- ItemAdaptation Finance: Risks and Opportunities for Aotearoa New Zealand(Mōhio Research and AUT, 2022-11-28) Hall, DMethodology: This report was developed through the co-design process of Mōhio’s Climate Innovation Lab, a fixed-term initiative which works with stakeholders to envision financial instruments to mobilise capital for climate-aligned projects and activities. A working paper was prepared through international market scanning and a review of primary and secondary literature on climate adaptation. This working paper became the basis for a workshop with local experts and stakeholders to test the viability of potential instruments in light of Aotearoa New Zealand’s unique cultural, biophysical and regulatory context. The workshop included participants from finance services, insurance, institutional investment, academia and local and central government observers. These insights were reincorporated into this final concept paper. Mōhio would like to thank the workshop participants for their time and expertise.
- ItemAdvanced Computational Thing-Kin: Sociomaterial Kinship and the MakerSpace(Addleton Academic Publishers, 2023) Snake-Beings, E.; Sosa, R.; Gibbons, A.; Baleisomi Takiveikata, S.; Cheng, X.; Berthelsen, C.; Ben-Dror, A.; Badenhorst, D.; Crowe, A.; O’Riordan, E.; Iorangi, K.; Gibson, L.The incursion of tech companies into wider aspects of our lives means that computational thinking has become increasingly enmeshed with physiological, emotional, creative and social aspects of human life. We suggest that advanced computational thinking should be considered in wider terms than the limited scope of computer sciences and that we should recognise the expansion of the ‘computer world’ and its incursion into lived life: the pervasive encroachment of technology into physical, emotional, spatial, culturally complex and, strictly speaking, non-logical areas of our lives. The proposal is that we use a new term, advanced computational thinking, with the appropriate and relevant acronym of ACT, to suggest a social performative bias to existing ideas of computational thinking in education. The expansion of the computer world is the backdrop for exploring thinking as a ‘kinship’ with things (thing-kin) traversing human and material forms. In this article, ACT engages with the cultural scaffolding of the makerSpace, supporting a thinking space where kinship between ‘things’ and makers promotes diversity of learning style and an idea of epistemological pluralism. By recognising thinking and things as being closely entangled with sociomaterial realms, advanced computational thinking incorporates the wider social consequences of technology: expanding early definitions of computational thinking as tools exclusively focused on mathematical, logical or algorithmic thinking.
- ItemAdvancing a Social Justice-Orientated Agenda Through Research: A Review of Refugee-Related Research in Tourism(Taylor and Francis Group, 2023-04-13) Bazrafshan, S; McIntosh, Alison Jane; Cockburn-Wootten, CScholars have called for more critical considerations of social justice and tourism that align with the tenets, values, and practices for sustainability, transformation, and social change. The aim of this research was to map and critically assess the status of refugee-related research in tourism, particularly with regards to the extent to which it adopts, or extends, a social justice-oriented agenda. A systematic literature review of existing studies was conducted. Content analysis assessed three aspects of 37 studies, namely, (1) the topics covered, (2) the extent to which the research aligns with social justice research practices, and (3) the extent to which the research furthers the social justice agenda for transformation. The review revealed a body of work that does not demonstrate social justice research practices; mostly because the refugee-related research topics of focus do not exhibit a social justice-oriented agenda. Our review illustrated that existing tourism research tends to frame refugees negatively and as a threat to destinations, and neglect critical considerations of epistemologies, reflexivity, and research processes. We conclude by highlighting alternative approaches that could contribute to a social justice-oriented agenda, using tourism as a bridge for creating change within structures, discourses, and practices in refugee-related research.
- ItemAdvancing Critico-Relational Inquiry: Is Tourism Studies Ready for a Relational Turn?(Taylor and Francis Group, 2023-05-10) Pernecky, TomasThis paper advances relational thought in tourism studies as a means for facilitating greater scrutiny of the relational matrices that have rendered possible the continuity of unjust, oppressive, and discriminatory relational patterns, particularly when these become detrimental to individuals, communities, other species, and the environment. Amid the growing determination to build more ethical, just, and sustainable futures, it contemplates whether critical scholarship has arrived at a relational turning point, whereby certain manifestations of tourism are increasingly deemed undesirable and problematic, and that transformation is needed in areas such as unsustainable growth, persistent colonial domination and racial conditioning, continued disregard for the environment, ongoing gender inequality and gender violence, and enduring injustices. The paper explains how relationality is interconnected with sustainability and critical scholarship and outlines the premise of critico-relational inquiry in the field. New conceptual vocabulary is offered to emphasise the critical vitality that can be injected into the examination of relations including: relational programming, relational reprogramming, relational hacking, meta-relational concerns, and relational thriving. Critico-relational inquiry is delineated as a viable strategy for transitioning towards sustainable alternatives, and as an integral part of future sustainability cum critical studies.
- ItemAirports: places or non-places - who cares?(Council for Australasian Tourism and Hospitality Education (CAUTHE), 2015-04-15) Losekoot, EThere is considerable literature on the concept of placelessness (Relph, 1976) and ‘nonplace’ (Augé, 1995). Much of this comes from the geography literature, but the developing area of ‘mobilities’ (Sheller & Urry, 2006; Urry, 2002) opens this discussion to include those working in tourism and hospitality. Many examples (e.g. Merriman, 2004) use transport hubs such as airports, train stations and motorway service stations as research sites, yet some locations appear to have been very successful in creating an identity where there was little before (Lohmann, Albers, Koch & Pavlovich, 2009). This study gathered qualitative data from 120 airport customers of Auckland International Airport in New Zealand. The paper will consider whether those people expressed the feeling that airports are liminal spaces (Turner, 1969) which become ‘non-places’ as a result of being ‘spaces in transition’. Using Auckland Airport as a case study it considers what airport customers feel is important in terms of giving a location an identity, and what this particular airport is doing to meet those needs.
- ItemAko: Learning from History?(UTS ePRESS, 2022-12-06) Neill, C; McKergow, F; Watson, G; Littlewood, DThis special issue of Public History Review has been edited by Fiona McKergow, Geoff Watson, David Littlewood and Carol Neill and serves as a sampler of recent work in the field of public history from Aotearoa New Zealand. The articles are derived from papers presented at 'Ako: Learning from History?', the 2021 New Zealand Historical Association conference hosted by Massey University Te Kunenga Ki Pūrehuroa. The cover image for this special issue shows Taranaki Maunga viewed from a site near the remains of a redoubt built by colonial forces during the New Zealand Wars.
- ItemAlcohol and hospitality - Operational decisions on a marae(The Council for australasian University tourism and Hospitality education (CaUtHe), 2013-02) Losekoot, E; Sherlock, DThe issue of alcohol in hospitality has always been a controversial one. In order to address this topic in the cultural context of a marae (communal meeting place) with commercial hospitality facilities on a site regarded as tapu (sacred) and containing many taonga (treasures) this paper considers the operational implications of a decision by the kaumatua (tribal elders) not to allow alcohol to be brought onto the premises. The way in which this is communicated to guests and the impact on the management of the facility is discussed. The paper concludes with some suggestions for further research into the experience of visitors to culturally significant sites.