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Release of β-casomorphin-7 in A1/A1 and A2/A2 Dairy Systems: Insights From Simulated Semi-dynamic Gastrointestinal Digestion

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aut.relation.articlenumber148157
aut.relation.journalFood Chemistry
aut.relation.startpage148157
aut.relation.volume506
dc.contributor.authorDaniloski, D
dc.contributor.authorMcCarthy, NA
dc.contributor.authorVasiljevic, T
dc.contributor.authorSharma, N
dc.contributor.authorFitzpatrick, CJ
dc.contributor.authorBrodkorb, A
dc.contributor.authorLe, TT
dc.contributor.authorKnudsen, LJ
dc.contributor.authorLarsen, LB
dc.contributor.authorPoulsen, NA
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-09T19:52:17Z
dc.date.available2026-02-09T19:52:17Z
dc.date.issued2026-01-23
dc.description.abstractThe study aimed to determine the amount of β-casomorphin-7 released during semi-dynamic in vitro gastrointestinal digestion of A1/A1 and A2/A2 milk, yogurt, and Cheddar cheese. Samples were collected at 10 and 120 min during the intestinal phase for each of the four gastric emptying points, following the INFOGEST digestion model. β-Casomorphin-7 was quantified using liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. The levels of β-casomorphin-7 were similar in A1/A1 (8.65–11.72 μg/100 g protein) and A2/A2 (9.64–15.29 μg/100 g protein) milk digests, higher in A1/A1 yogurt, while A1/A1 cheese digest exhibited the highest levels among all samples (36.19–62.73 μg/100 g protein), nearly ten times higher than A2/A2 cheese digest. After in vitro gastrointestinal digestion of a serving size of the studied dairy products the released amounts may not align with levels required for in vivo opioid activity. However, further human clinical trials are warranted.
dc.identifier.citationFood Chemistry, ISSN: 0308-8146 (Print); 1873-7072 (Online), Elsevier BV, 506, 148157-. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2026.148157
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.foodchem.2026.148157
dc.identifier.issn0308-8146
dc.identifier.issn1873-7072
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10292/20596
dc.languageeng
dc.publisherElsevier BV
dc.relation.urihttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308814626003158
dc.rights© 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons CC-BY license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. You are not required to obtain permission to reuse this article.
dc.rights.accessrightsOpenAccess
dc.subjectA1/A1 and A2/A2 dairy products
dc.subjectINFOGEST
dc.subjectIn vitro gastrointestinal digestion
dc.subjectOpioid activity
dc.subjectβ-Casomorphin-7
dc.subject30 Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences
dc.subject3006 Food Sciences
dc.subjectDigestive Diseases
dc.subjectFood Science
dc.subject3006 Food sciences
dc.titleRelease of β-casomorphin-7 in A1/A1 and A2/A2 Dairy Systems: Insights From Simulated Semi-dynamic Gastrointestinal Digestion
dc.typeJournal Article
pubs.elements-id753329

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