School of Science - Te Kura Pūtaiao
Permanent link for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10292/1333
Research at AUT's School of Science - Te Kura Pūtaiao is focused on key scientific issues with regional and global significance. The common theme connecting all research areas is sustainability – in the broadest sense as it relates to environmental and human health. Our research is closely allied to teaching and learning opportunities at undergraduate and postgraduate level within the school.
Research is organised in six main areas:
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Recent Submissions
Item New Zealand Military Veterans’ Perceptions on Health and Well-being: A Qualitative Study(University of Toronto Press Inc. (UTPress), 2026-01-20) O’Regan, Margo; McBride, David; Rodda, Simone; Shepherd, DanielIntroduction: The study “The psychological and physical health and well-being of New Zealand contemporary Veterans” represents one of the few large population studies conducted on contemporary Veterans in New Zealand. Included in this survey was an open-ended question allowing respondents to articulate their thoughts, opinions, or feedback on the Veteran experience. Methods: Responses were analyzed using qualitative content analysis framework informed by Mayring’s (2022) eight-step content analysis process. A hybrid deductive–inductive approach was used to generate sub-themes from participants’ responses, which were categorized under the World Health Organization’s four domains of well-being (psychological, social, environmental, and physical). Results: In this study, responses from 1,037 Veterans were analyzed and put into 22 sub-themes and four overarching themes. While many participants expressed positive gains due to their military service, challenges in psychological, social, environmental, and physical well-being were evident. Positive outcomes included gaining educational achievements, career skills, and personal growth and development. Challenges included issues such as posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, moral injury, identity confusion, internalized stigma, stereotyping, the strain of demanding work on family life, hearing loss, musculoskeletal problems, and concerns regarding toxic chemical exposure. Discussion: Veterans face challenges in all four domains of well-being. Despite encountering difficulties, there is a reluctance or social stigma associated with Veterans seeking help for their well-being concerns, compounding the challenges they face. Additionally, Veterans perceive a need for more accessible and effective support services.Item Integrating Explainable Artificial Intelligence (AI) to Evaluate Fermented-Roasted Avocado Seed Powder as a Natural Antioxidant in Beef Patties(Elsevier BV, 2026-02-13) Zhao, Zhiyu; Toulon, Elphege; Ejorh, Uche; Chen, Tony; Kantono, Kevin; Kam, Rothman; Hamid, NazimahThis study evaluates fermented–roasted avocado seed powder (ASP) as a sustainable antioxidant for beef patties and integrates explainable artificial intelligence (AI) to provide mechanistic insights into lipid oxidation control. ASP was produced via controlled fermentation with Lactobacillus plantarum followed by roasting and incorporated into beef patties (0.95 g/kg). Its performance was compared with butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and untreated controls during 10-day refrigerated storage at 4 °C. ASP exhibited the highest initial reducing antioxidant capacity (0.283 mg ascorbic acid equivalents (AAE)/g) measured by cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) and maintained significantly greater activity than BHT and control throughout storage (p < 0.05). Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) analysis showed ASP reduced lipid oxidation by 21% relative to control, approaching BHT efficacy. ASP also improved colour stability and preserved key fatty acids, notably oleic acid. Volatile profiling revealed distinct antioxidant behaviour, with ASP generating Maillard-derived compounds rather than relying on synthetic additives. Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) analysis, applied to an extreme gradient boosting model (XGBoost), identified γ-linolenic acid, oleic acid, pentanal, and 2-heptanone as major predictors of oxidative stability, highlighting ASP's broad-spectrum protective effect. These findings demonstrate that ASP not only valorises avocado seed waste but also offers a viable alternative to synthetic antioxidants, supporting sustainability goals. The integration of explainable AI with multivariate analysis provides new understanding of lipid oxidation pathways and antioxidant performance in meat systems.Item Environmental Impact of Exposed Salmon Farms: Transect Reveals Matching Gradients in Seafloor Ecosystem Structural and Functional Proxies(Inter-Research Science Center, 2025-11-25) Vopel, Kay C; Plew, David; Simone, Michelle N; Davey, Adam; Ross, D JeffExposure of fish pens to strong currents in the open ocean facilitates the dispersion of farm-derived organic-rich solid wastes (faeces, uneaten feed) and thus lessens the effect of waste deposition on the seafloor ecosystem. Quantifying this effect requires tools that can detect deviations in seafloor ecosystem functioning, including trends that, if left unattended, accumulate to cause adverse effects. Here, we demonstrate a spatial gradient in the seafloor O₂ demand, maintained by local deposition of farm-derived organic waste, that could be used as such a tool. To detect this gradient, we measured the in situ sediment-seawater O₂ flux with 2 seafloor landers, a benthic chamber lander and an aquatic eddy covariance lander, deployed at 19 sites along a 3000 m transect heading towards a salmon farm in the D’Entrecasteaux Channel, Tasmania, Australia. We found that the seafloor O₂ demand gradually increased within approximately 500 m of the farm from a background level of 220-560 to 1922 µmol m⁻² h⁻¹. The observed gradient was consistent with a gradient in the biological structure of the seafloor, demonstrated by traditional analyses of benthic macrofaunal assemblages. We discuss how regular monitoring of the seafloor O₂ demand with autonomous benthic landers can support proactive ecosystem-based management of open-ocean fish farms.Item Achieving 30×30: How Different Nations Report Their Contributions to International Marine Conservation Targets(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2026-02-11) Henneker, Caitlin R; Hinchliffe, Graham; Jarvis, Rebecca MIn 2022, the Convention on Biological Diversity’s Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework was adopted. This framework includes Target 3—commonly referred to as ‘30×30’—which calls for at least 30% of land and sea to be effectively conserved and managed by 2030. Of all the nations listed on the Marine Conservation Institute’s Marine Protection Atlas (MPAtlas), 52 nations show progress towards their nations 30×30 targets through fully or highly protected Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) within 200 nautical miles of their own coastline (in their direct waters). However, six nations: the United Kingdom, United States, Australia, Argentina, France, and Aotearoa New Zealand, claim progress towards their 30×30 target through MPAs in their direct waters and in waters they claim as overseas territories, such as the waters around remote islands and other nations, further offshore (wider waters). This research raises important questions about where and why nations designate MPAs in particular locations, and what this means for equitable and effective action towards global conservation targets.Item Effects of Litter Inputs on Soil Aggregate C Turnover and Flow Differ Among Three Natural Forest Ecosystems Along a Climate Gradient in China(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2026-02-02) Xu, Q; Zhang, W; Hu, J; Wang, X; Leuzinger, S; Zheng, Y; Hong, X; Hu, YBackground: Plant litter input plays an important role in controlling soil organic carbon (SOC) turnover and the flow of carbon (C) among different pools. However, the relative effects of aboveground and belowground root litter on soil aggregate C dynamics across different forest types and along climate gradients remain poorly understood. In this study, we examined changes in soil aggregate mass proportion, litter-derived and native C contents of macro-aggregate, micro-aggregate and silt + clay fractions, and C flow among these fractions during 2 years of litter input, using 13C isotope tracing technique in tropical, temperate and boreal forests along a climate gradient in China. Results: The results showed that belowground root litter input enhanced soil aggregation across all three forests, but aboveground litter input had no significant effect. Belowground root litter input increased total and litter-derived C content across aggregate fractions compared to aboveground litter input in the tropical forest, while it decreased native C content in the same forest. However, the effects of litter input on total and litter-derived C contents were minimal in the boreal and temperate forests. In addition, patterns of soil C flow among aggregates varied depending on both litter input type and forest type. Conclusions: Our results imply that belowground root litter enhances soil aggregation and aggregate C turnover compared to aboveground litter input. Moreover, the effects of root litter input on soil aggregate C turnover and C flow depend on forest types along the climatic gradient.Item Predictive Coding and Neurocomputational Psychiatry: A Mechanistic Framework for Understanding Mental Disorders(Frontiers Media SA, 2026-01-07) Shaw, AD; Sumner, RL; Berndt, LCSPredictive coding offers a powerful computational framework for understanding brain function and psychiatric disorders at a mechanistic level. This perspective synthesizes advances in computational psychiatry, proposing that mental disorders can be conceptualized as specific alterations in the brain’s predictive inference machinery. We first outline the theoretical foundations of predictive coding, including Bayesian inference, free-energy minimization, and neural population dynamics, illustrating how these abstract computational principles map onto specific neural circuits and biophysical mechanisms. We then argue that diverse psychiatric conditions can be understood within this unified framework. Taken together, these links between theory, generative models and empirical data suggest a route by which predictive coding might be rendered a testable, modifiable, falsifiable construct within biological psychiatry. Beyond offering conceptual clarity, this framework has significant clinical implications, including the development of mechanistic biomarkers, personalized treatment approaches based on computational phenotypes, and novel therapeutic interventions targeting specific inferential abnormalities. By grounding psychiatric symptoms in aberrant predictive processes implemented in neural circuitry, this approach promises a more mechanistic understanding of mental disorders and a path toward more targeted, effective interventions.Item Release of β-casomorphin-7 in A1/A1 and A2/A2 Dairy Systems: Insights From Simulated Semi-dynamic Gastrointestinal Digestion(Elsevier BV, 2026-01-23) Daniloski, D; McCarthy, NA; Vasiljevic, T; Sharma, N; Fitzpatrick, CJ; Brodkorb, A; Le, TT; Knudsen, LJ; Larsen, LB; Poulsen, NAThe study aimed to determine the amount of β-casomorphin-7 released during semi-dynamic in vitro gastrointestinal digestion of A1/A1 and A2/A2 milk, yogurt, and Cheddar cheese. Samples were collected at 10 and 120 min during the intestinal phase for each of the four gastric emptying points, following the INFOGEST digestion model. β-Casomorphin-7 was quantified using liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. The levels of β-casomorphin-7 were similar in A1/A1 (8.65–11.72 μg/100 g protein) and A2/A2 (9.64–15.29 μg/100 g protein) milk digests, higher in A1/A1 yogurt, while A1/A1 cheese digest exhibited the highest levels among all samples (36.19–62.73 μg/100 g protein), nearly ten times higher than A2/A2 cheese digest. After in vitro gastrointestinal digestion of a serving size of the studied dairy products the released amounts may not align with levels required for in vivo opioid activity. However, further human clinical trials are warranted.Item A Benchmark of Expert-level Academic Questions to Assess AI Capabilities(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2026-01-28) Phan, Long; Gatti, Alice; Li, Nathaniel; Khoja, Adam; Kim, Ryan; Ren, Richard; Hausenloy, Jason; Zhang, Oliver; Mazeika, Mantas; Hendrycks, Dan; Han, Ziwen; Hu, Josephina; Zhang, Hugh; Zhang, Chen Bo Calvin; Shaaban, Mohamed; Ling, John; Shi, Sean; Choi, Michael; Agrawal, Anish; Chopra, Arnav; Nattanmai, Aakaash; McKellips, Gordon; Cheraku, Anish; Suhail, Asim; Luo, Ethan; Deng, Marvin; Luo, Jason; Zhang, Ashley; Jindel, Kavin; Paek, Jay; Halevy, Kasper; Baranov, Allen; Liu, Michael; Avadhanam, Advaith; Zhang, David; Cheng, Vincent; Ma, Brad; Fu, Evan; Do, Liam; Lass, Joshua; Yang, Hubert; Sunkari, Surya; Bharath, Vishruth; Ai, Violet; Leung, James; Agrawal, Rishit; Zhou, Alan; Chen, Kevin; Kalpathi, Tejas; Xu, Ziqi; Wang, Gavin; Xiao, Tyler; Maung, Erik; Lee, Sam; Yang, Ryan; Yue, Roy; Zhao, Ben; Yoon, Julia; Sun, Xiangwan; Singh, Aryan; Peng, Clark; Osbey, Tyler; Wang, Taozhi; Echeazu, Daryl; Wu, Timothy; Patel, Spandan; Kulkarni, Vidhi; Sundarapandiyan, Vijaykaarti; Le, Andrew; Nasim, Zafir; Yalam, Srikar; Kasamsetty, Ritesh; Samal, Soham; Sun, David; Shah, Nihar; Saha, Abhijeet; Zhang, Alex; Nguyen, Leon; Nagumalli, Laasya; Wang, Kaixin; Wu, Aidan; Telluri, Anwith; Yue, Summer; Wang, Alexandr; Dodonov, Dmitry; Nguyen, Tung; Lee, Jaeho; Anderson, Daron; Doroshenko, Mikhail; Stokes, Alun Cennyth; Mahmood, Mobeen; Pokutnyi, Oleksandr; Iskra, Oleg; Wang, Jessica P; Levin, John-Clark; Kazakov, Mstyslav; Feng, Fiona; Feng, Steven Y; Zhao, Haoran; Yu, Michael; Gangal, Varun; Zou, Chelsea; Wang, Zihan; Popov, Serguei; Gerbicz, Robert; Galgon, Geoff; Schmitt, Johannes; Yeadon, Will; Lee, Yongki; Sauers, Scott; Sanchez, Alvaro; Giska, Fabian; Roth, Marc; Riis, Søren; Utpala, Saiteja; Burns, Noah; Goshu, Gashaw M; Naiya, Mohinder Maheshbhai; Agu, Chidozie; Giboney, Zachary; Cheatom, Antrell; Fournier-Facio, Francesco; Crowson, Sarah-Jane; Finke, Lennart; Cheng, Zerui; Zampese, Jennifer; Hoerr, Ryan G; Nandor, Mark; Park, Hyunwoo; Gehrunger, Tim; Cai, Jiaqi; McCarty, Ben; Garretson, Alexis C; Taylor, Edwin; Sileo, Damien; Ren, Qiuyu; Qazi, Usman; Li, Lianghui; Nam, Jungbae; Wydallis, John B; Arkhipov, Pavel; Shi, Jack Wei Lun; Bacho, Aras; Willcocks, Chris G; Cao, Hangrui; Motwani, Sumeet; de Oliveira Santos, Emily; Veith, Johannes; Vendrow, Edward; Cojoc, Doru; Zenitani, Kengo; Robinson, Joshua; Tang, Longke; Li, Yuqi; Vendrow, Joshua; Fraga, Natanael Wildner; Kuchkin, Vladyslav; Maksimov, Andrey Pupasov; Marion, Pierre; Efremov, Denis; Lynch, Jayson; Liang, Kaiqu; Mikov, Aleksandar; Gritsevskiy, Andrew; Guillod, Julien; Demir, Gözdenur; Martinez, Dakotah; Pageler, Ben; Zhou, Kevin; Soori, Saeed; Press, Ori; Tang, Henry; Rissone, Paolo; Green, Sean R; Brüssel, Lina; Twayana, Moon; Dieuleveut, Aymeric; Imperial, Joseph Marvin; Prabhu, Ameya; Yang, Jinzhou; Crispino, Nick; Rao, Arun; Zvonkine, Dimitri; Loiseau, Gabriel; Kalinin, Mikhail; Lukas, Marco; Manolescu, Ciprian; Stambaugh, Nate; Mishra, Subrata; Hogg, Tad; Bosio, Carlo; Coppola, Brian P; Salazar, Julian; Jin, Jaehyeok; Sayous, Rafael; Ivanov, Stefan; Schwaller, Philippe; Senthilkumar, Shaipranesh; Bran, Andres M; Algaba, Andres; Van den Houte, Kelsey; Van Der Sypt, Lynn; Verbeken, Brecht; Noever, David; Kopylov, Alexei; Myklebust, Benjamin; Li, Bikun; Schut, Lisa; Zheltonozhskii, Evgenii; Yuan, Qiaochu; Lim, Derek; Stanley, Richard; Yang, Tong; Maar, John; Wykowski, Julian; Oller, Mart; Sahu, Anmol; Ardito, Cesare Giulio; Hu, Yuzheng; Kamdoum, Ariel Ghislain Kemogne; Jin, Alvin; Vilchis, Tobias Garcia; Zu, Yuexuan; Lackner, Martin; Koppel, James; Sun, Gongbo; Antonenko, Daniil S; Chern, Steffi; Zhao, Bingchen; Arsene, Pierrot; Cavanagh, Joseph M; Li, Daofeng; Shen, Jiawei; Crisostomi, Donato; Zhang, Wenjin; Dehghan, Ali; Ivanov, Sergey; Perrella, David; Kaparov, Nurdin; Zang, Allen; Sucholutsky, Ilia; Kharlamova, Arina; Orel, Daniil; Poritski, Vladislav; Ben-David, Shalev; Berger, Zachary; Whitfill, Parker; Foster, Michael; Munro, Daniel; Ho, Linh; Sivarajan, Shankar; Hava, Dan Bar; Kuchkin, Aleksey; Holmes, David; Rodriguez-Romero, Alexandra; Sommerhage, Frank; Zhang, Anji; Moat, Richard; Schneider, Keith; Kazibwe, Zakayo; Clarke, Don; Kim, Dae Hyun; Dias, Felipe Meneguitti; Fish, Sara; Elser, Veit; Kreiman, Tobias; Vilchis, Victor Efren Guadarrama; Klose, Immo; Anantheswaran, Ujjwala; Zweiger, Adam; Rawal, Kaivalya; Li, Jeffery; Nguyen, Jeremy; Daans, Nicolas; Heidinger, Haline; Radionov, Maksim; Rozhoň, Václav; Ginis, Vincent; Stump, Christian; Cohen, Niv; Poświata, Rafał; Tkadlec, Josef; Goldfarb, Alan; Wang, Chenguang; Padlewski, Piotr; Barzowski, Stanislaw; Montgomery, Kyle; Stendall, Ryan; Tucker-Foltz, Jamie; Stade, Jack; Rogers, T Ryan; Goertzen, Tom; Grabb, Declan; Shukla, Abhishek; Givré, Alan; Ambay, John Arnold; Sen, Archan; Aziz, Muhammad Fayez; Inlow, Mark H; He, Hao; Zhang, Ling; Kaddar, Younesse; Ängquist, Ivar; Chen, Yanxu; Wang, Harrison K; Ramakrishnan, Kalyan; Thornley, Elliott; Terpin, Antonio; Schoelkopf, Hailey; Zheng, Eric; Carmi, Avishy; Brown, Ethan DL; Zhu, Kelin; Bartolo, Max; Wheeler, Richard; Stehberger, Martin; Bradshaw, Peter; Heimonen, JP; Sridhar, Kaustubh; Akov, Ido; Sandlin, Jennifer; Makarychev, Yury; Tam, Joanna; Hoang, Hieu; Cunningham, David M; Goryachev, Vladimir; Patramanis, Demosthenes; Krause, Michael; Redenti, Andrew; Aldous, David; Lai, Jesyin; Coleman, Shannon; Xu, Jiangnan; Lee, Sangwon; Magoulas, Ilias; Zhao, Sandy; Tang, Ning; Cohen, Michael K; Paradise, Orr; Kirchner, Jan Hendrik; Ovchynnikov, Maksym; Matos, Jason O; Shenoy, Adithya; Wang, Michael; Nie, Yuzhou; Sztyber-Betley, Anna; Faraboschi, Paolo; Riblet, Robin; Crozier, Jonathan; Halasyamani, Shiv; Verma, Shreyas; Joshi, Prashant; Meril, Eli; Ma, Ziqiao; Andréoletti, Jérémy; Singhal, Raghav; Platnick, Jacob; Nevirkovets, Volodymyr; Basler, Luke; Ivanov, Alexander; Khoury, Seri; Gustafsson, Nils; Piccardo, Marco; Mostaghimi, Hamid; Chen, Qijia; Singh, Virendra; Khánh, Tran Quoc; Rosu, Paul; Szlyk, Hannah; Brown, Zachary; Narayan, Himanshu; Menezes, Aline; Roberts, Jonathan; Alley, William; Sun, Kunyang; Patel, Arkil; Lamparth, Max; Reuel, Anka; Xin, Linwei; Xu, Hanmeng; Loader, Jacob; Martin, Freddie; Wang, Zixuan; Achilleos, Andrea; Preu, Thomas; Korbak, Tomek; Bosio, Ida; Kazemi, Fereshteh; Chen, Ziye; Bálint, Biró; Lo, Eve JY; Wang, Jiaqi; Nunes, Maria Inês S; Milbauer, Jeremiah; Bari, M Saiful; Wang, Zihao; Ansarinejad, Behzad; Sun, Yewen; Durand, Stephane; Elgnainy, Hossam; Douville, Guillaume; Tordera, Daniel; Balabanian, George; Wolff, Hew; Kvistad, Lynna; Milliron, Hsiaoyun; Sakor, Ahmad; Eron, Murat; Andrew Favre, DO; Shah, Shailesh; Zhou, Xiaoxiang; Kamalov, Firuz; Abdoli, Sherwin; Santens, Tim; Barkan, Shaul; Tee, Allison; Zhang, Robin; Tomasiello, Alessandro; De Luca, G Bruno; Looi, Shi-Zhuo; Le, Vinh-Kha; Kolt, Noam; Pan, Jiayi; Rodman, Emma; Drori, Jacob; Fossum, Carl J; Muennighoff, Niklas; Jagota, Milind; Pradeep, Ronak; Fan, Honglu; Eicher, Jonathan; Chen, Michael; Thaman, Kushal; Merrill, William; Firsching, Moritz; Harris, Carter; Ciobâcă, Stefan; Gross, Jason; Pandey, Rohan; Gusev, Ilya; Jones, Adam; Agnihotri, Shashank; Zhelnov, Pavel; Mofayezi, Mohammadreza; Piperski, Alexander; Zhang, David K; Dobarskyi, Kostiantyn; Leventov, Roman; Soroko, Ignat; Duersch, Joshua; Taamazyan, Vage; Ho, Andrew; Ma, Wenjie; Held, William; Xian, Ruicheng; Zebaze, Armel Randy; Mohamed, Mohanad; Leser, Julian Noah; Yuan, Michelle X; Yacar, Laila; Lengler, Johannes; Olszewska, Katarzyna; Di Fratta, Claudio; Oliveira, Edson; Jackson, Joseph W; Zou, Andy; Chidambaram, Muthu; Manik, Timothy; Haffenden, Hector; Stander, Dashiell; Dasouqi, Ali; Shen, Alexander; Golshani, Bita; Stap, David; Kretov, Egor; Uzhou, Mikalai; Zhidkovskaya, Alina Borisovna; Winter, Nick; Rodriguez, Miguel Orbegozo; Lauff, Robert; Wehr, Dustin; Tang, Colin; Hossain, Zaki; Phillips, Shaun; Samuele, Fortuna; Ekström, Fredrik; Hammon, Angela; Patel, Oam; Farhidi, Faraz; Medley, George; Mohammadzadeh, Forough; Peñaflor, Madellene; Kassahun, Haile; Friedrich, Alena; Perez, Rayner Hernandez; Pyda, Daniel; Sakal, Taom; Dhamane, Omkar; Mirabadi, Ali Khajegili; Hallman, Eric; Okutsu, Kenchi; Battaglia, Mike; Maghsoudimehrabani, Mohammad; Amit, Alon; Hulbert, Dave; Pereira, Roberto; Weber, Simon; Handoko; Peristyy, Anton; Malina, Stephen; Mehkary, Mustafa; Aly, Rami; Reidegeld, Frank; Dick, Anna-Katharina; Friday, Cary; Singh, Mukhwinder; Shapourian, Hassan; Kim, Wanyoung; Costa, Mariana; Gurdogan, Hubeyb; Kumar, Harsh; Ceconello, Chiara; Zhuang, Chao; Park, Haon; Carroll, Micah; Tawfeek, Andrew R; Steinerberger, Stefan; Aggarwal, Daattavya; Kirchhof, Michael; Dai, Linjie; Kim, Evan; Ferret, Johan; Shah, Jainam; Wang, Yuzhou; Yan, Minghao; Burdzy, Krzysztof; Zhang, Lixin; Franca, Antonio; Pham, Diana T; Loh, Kang Yong; Robinson, Joshua; Jackson, Abram; Giordano, Paolo; Petersen, Philipp; Cosma, Adrian; Colino, Jesus; White, Colin; Votava, Jacob; Vinnikov, Vladimir; Delaney, Ethan; Spelda, Petr; Stritecky, Vit; Shahid, Syed M; Mourrat, Jean-Christophe; Vetoshkin, Lavr; Sponselee, Koen; Bacho, Renas; Yong, Zheng-Xin; de la Rosa, Florencia; Cho, Nathan; Li, Xiuyu; Malod, Guillaume; Weller, Orion; Albani, Guglielmo; Lang, Leon; Laurendeau, Julien; Kazakov, Dmitry; Adesanya, Fatimah; Portier, Julien; Hollom, Lawrence; Souza, Victor; Zhou, Yuchen Anna; Degorre, Julien; Yaln, Yiğit; Obikoya, Gbenga Daniel; Michael Pokorny, Rai; Bigi, Filippo; Boscá, MC; Shumar, Oleg; Bacho, Kaniuar; Recchia, Gabriel; Popescu, Mara; Shulga, Nikita; Tanwie, Ngefor Mildred; Lux, Thomas CH; Rank, Ben; Ni, Colin; Brooks, Matthew; Yakimchyk, Alesia; Quinn Liu, Huanxu; Cavalleri, Stefano; Häggström, Olle; Verkama, Emil; Newbould, Joshua; Gundlach, Hans; Brito-Santana, Leonor; Amaro, Brian; Vajipey, Vivek; Grover, Rynaa; Wang, Ting; Kratish, Yosi; Li, Wen-Ding; Gopi, Sivakanth; Caciolai, Andrea; de Witt, Christian Schroeder; Hernández-Cámara, Pablo; Rodolà, Emanuele; Robins, Jules; Williamson, Dominic; Raynor, Brad; Qi, Hao; Segev, Ben; Fan, Jingxuan; Martinson, Sarah; Wang, Erik Y; Hausknecht, Kaylie; Brenner, Michael P; Mao, Mao; Demian, Christoph; Kassani, Peyman; Zhang, Xinyu; Avagian, David; Scipio, Eshawn Jessica; Ragoler, Alon; Tan, Justin; Sims, Blake; Plecnik, Rebeka; Kirtland, Aaron; Bodur, Omer Faruk; Shinde, DP; Labrador, Yan Carlos Leyva; Adoul, Zahra; Zekry, Mohamed; Karakoc, Ali; Santos, Tania CB; Shamseldeen, Samir; Karim, Loukmane; Liakhovitskaia, Anna; Resman, Nate; Farina, Nicholas; Gonzalez, Juan Carlos; Maayan, Gabe; Anderson, Earth; De Oliveira Pena, Rodrigo; Kelley, Elizabeth; Mariji, Hodjat; Pouriamanesh, Rasoul; Wu, Wentao; Finocchio, Ross; Alarab, Ismail; Cole, Joshua; Ferreira, Danyelle; Johnson, Bryan; Safdari, Mohammad; Dai, Liangti; Arthornthurasuk, Siriphan; McAlister, Isaac C; Moyano, Alejandro José; Pronin, Alexey; Fan, Jing; Ramirez-Trinidad, Angel; Malysheva, Yana; Pottmaier, Daphiny; Taheri, Omid; Stepanic, Stanley; Perry, Samuel; Askew, Luke; Rodrguez, Raúl Adrián Huerta; Minissi, Ali MR; Lorena, Ricardo; Iyer, Krishnamurthy; Fasiludeen, Arshad Anil; Clark, Ronald; Ducey, Josh; Piza, Matheus; Somrak, Maja; Vergo, Eric; Qin, Juehang; Borbás, Benjámin; Chu, Eric; Lindsey, Jack; Jallon, Antoine; McInnis, IMJ; Chen, Evan; Semler, Avi; Gloor, Luk; Shah, Tej; Carauleanu, Marc; Lauer, Pascal; Huy, Tran Duc; Shahrtash, Hossein; Duc, Emilien; Lewark, Lukas; Brown, Assaf; Albanie, Samuel; Weber, Brian; Vaz, Warren S; Clavier, Pierre; Fan, Yiyang; Poesia Reis e Silva, Gabriel; Tony Lian, Long; Abramovitch, Marcus; Jiang, Xi; Mendoza, Sandra; Islam, Murat; Gonzalez, Juan; Mavroudis, Vasilios; Xu, Justin; Kumar, Pawan; Goswami, Laxman Prasad; Bugas, Daniel; Heydari, Nasser; Jeanplong, Ferenc; Jansen, Thorben; Pinto, Antonella; Apronti, Archimedes; Galal, Abdallah; Ze-An, Ng; Singh, Ankit; Jiang, Tong; of Arc Xavier, Joan; Agarwal, Kanu Priya; Berkani, Mohammed; Zhang, Gang; Du, Zhehang; de Oliveira Junior, Benedito Alves; Malishev, Dmitry; Remy, Nicolas; Hartman, Taylor D; Tarver, Tim; Mensah, Stephen; Loume, Gautier Abou; Morak, Wiktor; Habibi, Farzad; Hoback, Sarah; Cai, Will; Gimenez, Javier; Montecillo, Roselynn Grace; Łucki, Jakub; Campbell, Russell; Sharma, Asankhaya; Meer, Khalida; Gul, Shreen; Gonzalez, Daniel Espinosa; Alapont, Xavier; Hoover, Alex; Chhablani, Gunjan; Vargus, Freddie; Agarwal, Arunim; Jiang, Yibo; Patil, Deepakkumar; Outevsky, David; Scaria, Kevin Joseph; Maheshwari, Rajat; Dendane, Abdelkader; Shukla, Priti; Cartwright, Ashley; Bogdanov, Sergei; Mündler, Niels; Möller, Sören; Arnaboldi, Luca; Thaman, Kunvar; Siddiqi, Muhammad Rehan; Saxena, Prajvi; Gupta, Himanshu; Fruhauff, Tony; Sherman, Glen; Vincze, Mátyás; Usawasutsakorn, Siranut; Ler, Dylan; Radhakrishnan, Anil; Enyekwe, Innocent; Salauddin, Sk Md; Muzhen, Jiang; Maksapetyan, Aleksandr; Rossbach, Vivien; Harjadi, Chris; Bahaloohoreh, Mohsen; Sparrow, Claire; Sidhu, Jasdeep; Ali, Sam; Bian, Song; Lai, John; Singer, Eric; Uro, Justine Leon; Bateman, Greg; Sayed, Mohamed; Menshawy, Ahmed; Duclosel, Darling; Bezzi, Dario; Jain, Yashaswini; Aaron, Ashley; Tiryakioglu, Murat; Siddh, Sheeshram; Krenek, Keith; Shah, Imad Ali; Jin, Jun; Creighton, Scott; Peskoff, Denis; EL-Wasif, Zienab; P, Ragavendran; Richmond, Michael; McGowan, Joseph; Patwardhan, Tejal; Sun, Hao-Yu; Sun, Ting; Zubić, Nikola; Sala, Samuele; Ebert, Stephen; Kaddour, Jean; Schottdorf, Manuel; Wang, Dianzhuo; Petruzella, Gerol; Meiburg, Alex; Medved, Tilen; ElSheikh, Ali; Hebbar, S Ashwin; Vaquero, Lorenzo; Yang, Xianjun; Poulos, Jason; Zouhar, Vilém; Bogdanik, Sergey; Zhang, Mingfang; Sanz-Ros, Jorge; Anugraha, David; Dai, Yinwei; Nhu, Anh N; Wang, Xue; Demircali, Ali Anil; Jia, Zhibai; Zhou, Yuyin; Wu, Juncheng; He, Mike; Chandok, Nitin; Sinha, Aarush; Luo, Gaoxiang; Le, Long; Noyé, Mickaël; Perełkiewicz, Michał; Pantidis, Ioannis; Qi, Tianbo; Purohit, Soham Sachin; Parcalabescu, Letitia; Nguyen, Thai-Hoa; Winata, Genta Indra; Ponti, Edoardo M; Li, Hanchen; Dhole, Kaustubh; Park, Jongee; Abbondanza, Dario; Wang, Yuanli; Nayak, Anupam; Caetano, Diogo M; Wong, Antonio AWL; del Rio-Chanona, Maria; Kondor, Dániel; Francois, Pieter; Chalstrey, Ed; Zsambok, Jakob; Hoyer, Dan; Reddish, Jenny; Hauser, Jakob; Rodrigo-Ginés, Francisco-Javier; Datta, Suchandra; Shepherd, Maxwell; Kamphuis, Thom; Zhang, Qizheng; Kim, Hyunjun; Sun, Ruiji; Yao, Jianzhu; Dernoncourt, Franck; Krishna, Satyapriya; Rismanchian, Sina; Pu, Bonan; Pinto, Francesco; Wang, Yingheng; Shridhar, Kumar; Overholt, Kalon J; Briia, Glib; Nguyen, Hieu; Quod Soler Bartomeu, David; Pang, Tony CY; Wecker, Adam; Xiong, Yifan; Li, Fanfei; Huber, Lukas S; Jaeger, Joshua; De Maddalena, Romano; Lù, Xing Han; Zhang, Yuhui; Beger, Claas; Kon, Patrick Tser Jern; Li, Sean; Sanker, Vivek; Yin, Ming; Liang, Yihao; Zhang, Xinlu; Agrawal, Ankit; Yifei, Li S; Zhang, Zechen; Cai, Mu; Sonmez, Yasin; Cozianu, Costin; Li, Changhao; Slen, Alex; Yu, Shoubin; Park, Hyun Kyu; Sarti, Gabriele; Briański, Marcin; Stolfo, Alessandro; Nguyen, Truong An; Zhang, Mike; Perlitz, Yotam; Hernandez-Orallo, Jose; Li, Runjia; Shabani, Amin; Juefei-Xu, Felix; Dhingra, Shikhar; Zohar, Orr; Nguyen, My Chiffon; Pondaven, Alexander; Yilmaz, Abdurrahim; Zhao, Xuandong; Jin, Chuanyang; Jiang, Muyan; Todoran, Stefan; Han, Xinyao; Kreuer, Jules; Rabern, Brian; Plassart, Anna; Maggetti, Martino; Yap, Luther; Geirhos, Robert; Kean, Jonathon; Wang, Dingsu; Mollaei, Sina; Sun, Chenkai; Yin, Yifan; Wang, Shiqi; Li, Rui; Chang, Yaowen; Wei, Anjiang; Bizeul, Alice; Wang, Xiaohan; Arrais, Alexandre Oliveira; Mukherjee, Kushin; Chamorro-Padial, Jorge; Liu, Jiachen; Qu, Xingyu; Guan, Junyi; Bouyamourn, Adam; Wu, Shuyu; Plomecka, Martyna; Chen, Junda; Tang, Mengze; Deng, Jiaqi; Subramanian, Shreyas; Xi, Haocheng; Chen, Haoxuan; Zhang, Weizhi; Ren, Yinuo; Tu, Haoqin; Kim, Sejong; Chen, Yushun; Marjanović, Sara Vera; Ha, Junwoo; Luczyna, Grzegorz; Ma, Jeff J; Shen, Zewen; Song, Dawn; Zhang, Cedegao E; Wang, Zhun; Gendron, Gaël; Xiao, Yunze; Smucker, Leo; Weng, Erica; Lee, Kwok Hao; Ye, Zhe; Ermon, Stefano; Lopez-Miguel, Ignacio D; Knights, Theo; Gitter, Anthony; Park, Namkyu; Wei, Boyi; Chen, Hongzheng; Pai, Kunal; Elkhanany, Ahmed; Lin, Han; Siedler, Philipp D; Fang, Jichao; Mishra, Ritwik; Zsolnai-Fehér, Károly; Jiang, Xilin; Khan, Shadab; Yuan, Jun; Jain, Rishab Kumar; Lin, Xi; Peterson, Mike; Wang, Zhe; Malusare, Aditya; Tang, Maosen; Gupta, Isha; Fosin, Ivan; Kang, Timothy; Dworakowska, Barbara; Matsumoto, Kazuki; Zheng, Guangyao; Sewuster, Gerben; Villanueva, Jorge Pretel; Rannev, Ivan; Chernyavsky, Igor; Chen, Jiale; Banik, Deepayan; Racz, Ben; Dong, Wenchao; Wang, Jianxin; Bashmal, Laila; Gonçalves, Duarte V; Hu, Wei; Bar, Kaushik; Bohdal, Ondrej; Patlan, Atharv Singh; Dhuliawala, Shehzaad; Geirhos, Caroline; Wist, Julien; Kansal, Yuval; Chen, Bingsen; Tire, Kutay; Yücel, Atak Talay; Christof, Brandon; Singla, Veerupaksh; Song, Zijian; Chen, Sanxing; Ge, Jiaxin; Ponkshe, Kaustubh; Park, Isaac; Shi, Tianneng; Ma, Martin Q; Mak, Joshua; Lai, Sherwin; Moulin, Antoine; Cheng, Zhuo; Zhu, Zhanda; Zhang, Ziyi; Patil, Vaidehi; Jha, Ketan; Men, Qiutong; Wu, Jiaxuan; Zhang, Tianchi; Vieira, Bruno Hebling; Aji, Alham Fikri; Chung, Jae-Won; Mahfoud, Mohammed; Thi Hoang, Ha; Sperzel, Marc; Hao, Wei; Meding, Kristof; Xu, Sihan; Kostakos, Vassilis; Manini, Davide; Liu, Yueying; Toukmaji, Christopher; Yu, Eunmi; Demircali, Arif Engin; Sun, Zhiyi; Dewerpe, Ivan; Qin, Hongsen; Pflugfelder, Roman; Bailey, James; Morris, Johnathan; Heilala, Ville; Rosset, Sybille; Yu, Zishun; Chen, Peter E; Yeo, Woongyeong; Jain, Eeshaan; Chigurupati, Sreekar; Chernyavsky, Julia; Reddy, Sai Prajwal; Venugopalan, Subhashini; Batra, Hunar; Park, Core Francisco; Tran, Hieu; Maximiano, Guilherme; Zhang, Genghan; Liang, Yizhuo; Shiyu, Hu; Xu, Rongwu; Pan, Rui; Suresh, Siddharth; Liu, Ziqi; Gulati, Samaksh; Zhang, Songyang; Turchin, Peter; Bartlett, Christopher W; Scotese, Christopher R; Cao, Phuong M; Wu, Ben; Karwowski, Jacek; Scaramuzza, DavideBenchmarks are important tools for tracking the rapid advancements in large language model (LLM) capabilities. However, benchmarks are not keeping pace in difficulty: LLMs now achieve more than 90% accuracy on popular benchmarks such as Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understanding1, limiting informed measurement of state-of-the-art LLM capabilities. Here, in response, we introduce Humanity’s Last Exam (HLE), a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage. HLE consists of 2,500 questions across dozens of subjects, including mathematics, humanities and the natural sciences. HLE is developed globally by subject-matter experts and consists of multiple-choice and short-answer questions suitable for automated grading. Each question has a known solution that is unambiguous and easily verifiable but cannot be quickly answered by internet retrieval. State-of-the-art LLMs demonstrate low accuracy and calibration on HLE, highlighting a marked gap between current LLM capabilities and the expert human frontier on closed-ended academic questions. To inform research and policymaking upon a clear understanding of model capabilities, we publicly release HLE at https://lastexam.ai.Item A Symptom Network Approach to Schizophrenia in the CATIE Study: Processing Speed as the Central Cognitive Impairment(Royal College of Psychiatrists, 2026-01-20) Buchwald, Khan; Siegert, Richard J; Vignes, Matthieu; Narayanan, Ajit; Sandham, MargaretBACKGROUND: People diagnosed with schizophrenia can have functional impairments in multiple domains. Cognitive impairment is central to schizophrenia and has substantial prognostic value compared with other symptoms of schizophrenia. However, no study has previously investigated directed relationships in a complex system of cognitive, sociodemographic, clinical and quality of life (QOL) variables in people diagnosed with schizophrenia. AIMS: To identify the complex relationships of components of cognition with other cognitive components, as well as with clinical and QOL variables. METHOD: This study included data from 1450 participants in the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) study. The present study reconstructed a Bayesian network from this data using cognition, clinical, sociodemographic and QOL variables. RESULTS: Processing speed was centrally associated with all other cognitive domains. Cognitive domains were conditionally independent of positive symptoms but moderately associated with negative symptoms (β = -0.25; P < 0.001). The positive symptoms subscale was independent of QOL, conditioning on third variables. Negative symptoms were moderately associated with QOL (β = -0.33; P < 0.001), and processing speed had a weak association with QOL (β = -0.12; P < 0.001). Processing speed was a central variable in the network. CONCLUSIONS: Intervening with respect to processing speed may be the most beneficial way of improving other cognitive functions. More research is needed on directed networks that include social cognition and global levels of functioning.Item Structural Brain Differences in Professional Australian Rules Footballers Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: When Head Size Matters(Frontiers Media SA, 2026-01-16) Lee, Jackson M; Pardoe, Heath R; Parker, Donna M; Pedersen, Mangor; Makdissi, Michael; Abbott, David F; Jackson, Graeme D; Mito, RemikaIntroduction Concussion, a type of mild traumatic brain injury common in collision sports, is thought to be associated with subtle brain changes that are not visually appreciable on conventional neuroimaging. This study quantified differences in subcortical volumes from structural MRI between 31 recently concussed professional Australian rules footballers (within 3 months of injury) and 37 healthy, non-athlete controls. Methods T1-weighted MRI were acquired at 3 T and processed using FreeSurfer. Hippocampal and amygdala volumes were normalized by estimated total intracranial volume (eTIV). Longitudinal changes were assessed in a subset of 12 footballers with follow-up MRI. Cortical thickness differences were also explored using vertex-wise analysis. Results Footballers exhibited lower proportional hippocampal and amygdala volumes, and reduced cortical thickness compared to controls. However, after exploring different methodological approaches for estimating intracranial volume (ICV), volumetric findings were seen to vary based on the ICV estimation method used for normalization. Discussion This study demonstrates subtle, likely persistent neuroanatomical differences between professional Australian rules footballers and non-athlete controls. Importantly, we advocate for cautious clinical interpretation of volumetric MRI findings considering methodological variabilities, particularly when inherent cohort differences (such as ICV) may bias results, and provide recommendations for future studies that examine volumetric changes in concussion cohorts.Item Donor Conception and Psychosocial Support Provisions Across Jurisdictions - What's Out There?(Informa UK Limited, 2026-02-01) Goedeke, Sonja; Indekeu, Astrid; Crawshaw, MarilynAs demand for donor conception (DC) rises the landscape is becoming increasingly complex. DC-linking now occurs through various means, including direct-to-consumer DNA testing, which may reveal DC where this has not been disclosed and make those genetically related known to each other, including earlier than is possible through identity-release provisions in many jurisdictions. Early contact between donors and recipient parents, as well as same-donor siblings is becoming more common. Large sibling groups within and across jurisdictions are increasingly being identified and there is also growing reliance on imported gametes and online donor recruitment platforms. These developments can be associated with challenges for donor-conceived people (DCP), parents, donors and their families, and have led to calls for more accessible and responsive psycho-social support services. This paper maps the DC context in ten Western countries, including the availability of psychosocial support and counselling. Given the growing complexity of DC and its lifelong impact on all involved, we pay particular attention to post-donation counselling support related to disclosure, long-term psychosocial wellbeing, and DC-linking. We identify key challenges in existing DC provisions and support systems and propose improvements that support DCP, donors, parents, siblings, and their families in managing the longer-term implications of DC.Item Neuroimaging Correlates of Symptom Burden and Functional Recovery Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review(Elsevier BV, 2025-11-19) McGeown, Joshua P; Pedersen, Mangor; Mito, Remika; Theadom, Alice; Maller, Jerome J; Condron, Paul; Holdsworth, Samantha JBACKGROUND: Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) represents 95% of all traumatic brain injuries. Despite being classified as "mild," mTBI can lead to persistent symptoms that impact quality of life. Diagnostic and management strategies rely heavily on subjective symptom reporting due to a lack of validated biomarkers. Identifying neuroimaging biomarkers to characterise the pathophysiological features underlying symptom burden and poor recovery is critical for improving mTBI management. OBJECTIVE: To synthesise evidence on cross-sectional, longitudinal, and prognostic links between Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) features and mTBI symptom burden and functional recovery. METHODS: The review followed PRISMA guidelines. Systematic searches of MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Library identified mTBI studies with acute MRI data, measures of symptom burden or functional recovery, and at least one follow-up clinical timepoint, covering publications to July 18, 2025. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Quality in Prognostic Studies tool, and findings were synthesised narratively. RESULTS: Sixty-two of 7,232 articles were included. The review identified heterogeneous evidence across MRI modalities. Structural MRI findings showed limited correlation with clinical outcomes, while changes in white matter and functional connectivity were more strongly associated with symptom burden and recovery. Disruptions of integrative regions and association pathways such as the thalamus, superior longitudinal fasciculus, and cingulate cortex were linked to worse symptom burden and recovery outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Acute MRI, when contextualised with clinical data, helps delineate correlates of mTBI symptom burden and functional recovery. To strengthen inference, future neuroimaging studies should prespecify and report symptom burden and functional recovery as core endpoints.Item "It's never ending and overwhelmingly difficult": A Mixed-Methods Survey of the Impact of Caregiving for a Loved One With an Eating Disorder in New Zealand(BMC, 2025-11-29) Donkin, Liesje; Sinclair, Rebecca; Rowland, Sarah; McDougall, Kahlia; Landon, JasonBACKGROUND: Caregivers of people with eating disorders (EDs) often support refeeding, behavioural monitoring, and co-ordinate therapeutic and medical appointments. Available support is often focused on the person with the ED and rarely on the caregiver. This study examined the impact of caregiving in New Zealand (NZ). METHODS: Current and previous caregivers completed an online, anonymous survey exploring their experience of caregiving and its psychological impact using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), the Eating Disorders Symptom Impact Scale (EDSIS), and questions about the long-term impact of caregiving on caregivers' mental health. A comparison was made with data on Australian caregivers. RESULTS: Current caregivers reported higher levels of depression and stress than those not currently caregiving, as well as higher levels of depressive symptoms than Australian caregivers. The impact of ED symptoms were also generally higher in NZ participants compared with Australian caregivers.The perceived impact of the ED was associated with the psychological distress experienced by caregivers with greater impact being linked to more distress. Of those whose loved ones were in recovery, more than 25% experienced ongoing post-traumatic symptoms related to their caregiving experience. CONCLUSION: NZ caregivers reported ongoing effects related to caregiving even when the person with the ED had recovered. NZ caregivers experience a high level of distress and burden that can persist once recovery is achieved. Comprehensive ED support should include interventions to improve caregivers' wellbeing.Item Conceptualising Pro-Environmental Behaviour and the Experiences of Anthropogenic Environmental Degradation(New Zealand Psychological Society Inc., 2024-12-31) Van Kessel, Kirsten; Ashwell, Dana Y; Feather, Jacqueline SThere is growing recognition of the psychological effects of the experience of anthropogenic environmental degradation. Pro-environmental behaviour (PEB) can be an adaptive response and may be influenced by value orientations and psychological processes. Using a mixed-methods approach, quantitative data from 205 New Zealand adults was collected to determine how well value orientations and stress appraisals of anthropogenic environmental degradation predict PEB. Results showed biospheric values and primary appraisals predicted greater engagement in PEB. Qualitative data from 269 New Zealand adults showed that experiences of anthropogenic environmental degradation are multi-dimensional and reflected five themes: depressive emotions; anxious emotions; dissatisfaction and outrage; impact on behaviour and functioning; and hope. The generalisability of the findings is limited given our samples (predominantly female, Pākeha and young) do not reflect the diversity of the wider New Zealand population. Relevance of findings are discussed in promoting wellbeing of individuals and communities whilst maximising mitigation strategies.Item “I can remember thinking, like almost wishing, that the injuries would have been worse, because then I wouldn’t be questioned”: A Qualitative Study on Women’s Experience of Accessing Healthcare for Intimate Partner Violence-related Brain Injury(MDPI AG, 2026-01-08) Valera, Eve M; Sanghvi, Isha; Sitto, Sarah Rose; Chua, Jason; Saadi, Altaf; Theadom, AliceBackground/Objectives: To identify the barriers and facilitators to accessing healthcare following intimate partner violence (IPV)-related brain injury (BI). Methods: Sixteen adult women participated in interviews about their experience of accessing healthcare following IPV-related BI. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using the interpretative descriptive (ID) approach to identify themes and subthemes in the data. Results: Two themes, each with six subthemes related to healthcare seeking for IPV-related BI were identified: Theme 1—Deciding to seek and ability to access healthcare, comprising (a) severity of injury; (b) impact of injury; (c) ability to access medical services; (d) self-blame, fear, shame, and guilt; (e) contextual influences on healthcare seeking; and (f) previous negative interactions; and Theme 2—Complexity in identifying IPV-related BI, comprising (a) trauma can affect recall of events; (b) inability to distinguish IPV-related trauma or aging outcomes from BI sequelae; (c) the importance of trust in disclosure; (d) healthcare professionals need to ask the right questions and respond in the right way; (e) the complex nature of disclosure creates challenges for diagnosis; and (f) fear of being dismissed or judged. Conclusions: Many context-related factors influence whether women can seek treatment for IPV-related BIs. These factors need to be understood by first responders and medical professionals to improve the likelihood and speed of treatment seeking. Furthermore, challenges and fears associated with disclosure of IPV prevent women from seeking proper treatment. IPV training could be helpful in ensuring women feel safe with disclosure.Item How Might Comorbid Conditions Co-Occurring With Child Autism Impact Parenting Stress?(Springer, 2026-01-22) Shepherd, Daniel; Landon, Jason; Goedeke, SonjaPurpose Many Autistic individuals present with comorbid conditions, including internalising and externalising behaviours, sleep issues, intellectual disabilities, and gastrointestinal dysfunction. We investigated the impact of these child comorbidities on parenting stress in an effort to elucidate the underlying mechanism and how they interact with autistic core symptoms. In total, three theoretical models were tested, being the Amplification, Additive, and Mediation Hypotheses. Methods Participants were 453 parents of an Autistic child reporting on their child’s core symptoms, comorbid conditions, and their parenting stress. Results Correlation analyses reveal moderate associations between the comorbid conditions and parenting stress, but uncovered a weak link between core symptoms and parenting stress. Regression analyses revealed that, when key variables were allowed to adjust for one another, comorbid conditions were found to be independent predictors of parenting stress. A subsequent path analysis indicated that internalising and externalising behaviours partially mediated the relationship between core symptoms and parenting stress. There was no evidence to support the Amplification Hypotheses, and limited evidence to support the Additive and Mediation Hypotheses. Conclusion The findings reinforce the argument that Autistic children require multidisciplinary services and interventions that stretch beyond their primary diagnosis. Further suggestions for future research into child comorbid factors and parenting stress are discussed.Item Characteristics of Candlenut (Aleurites moluccana) and Daikon Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)(Springer Nature, 2026-01-03) Mahirah, Muntaha; Hamid, Nazimah; Raseetha, SivaBackground: This study investigates the physicochemical properties of candlenut (Aleurites moluccana) and daikon radish (Raphanus sativus L.) to explore their potential as natural healing remedies as practised by local communities in Malaysia. Both plants have been used in traditional medicine, but there is limited research on their bioactive compounds and how their characteristics contribute to anti-inflammatory effects. Results: Colour analysis for fresh candlenut exhibited significantly higher L* value (67.70 ± 0.11) compared to its extract (43.21 ± 0.00). This indicated that fresh candlenut had more whitish hue. Likewise, fresh daikon radish showed more whitish hue compared to its extract. Yellowish hue was more pronounced in fresh candlenut (25.46 ± 2.92) compared to its extract (0.45 ± 0.02). Hydroxyl (O–H), alkenyl (C=C), iso-dimethyl (–CH3), and oxygen-bonded (C–O) functional groups were found in both samples using the FTIR method. Significantly higher tannin content was found in candlenut (91.77 ± 12.18 mg/L), compared to daikon radish (2.13 ± 3.00 mg/L). Similarly, alkaloid concentrations were significantly higher in candlenut (10.30 ± 0.59 mg/L) than in daikon radish (3.56 ± 0.12 mg/L). Phenolic analysis using HPLC identified gallic acid concentrations of 273.43 ± 17.23 mg/L in candlenut and 27.39 ± 20.39 mg/L in daikon radish. Daikon radish detected vanillic acid (28.43 ± 11.92 mg/L) and p-coumaric acid (3.04 ± 0.12 mg/L), which was not detected in candlenut. Conclusions: These results suggested that candlenut contains higher alkaloids, tannins and gallic acid compared to daikon radish. Vanillic acid and p-coumaric acid, however, were detected in daikon radish only. All three phenolic acids can act as an antioxidant. However, gallic acid was found in higher proportion in candlenut; hence, it has higher potential against oxidative damage condition. This research supports the traditional use of these plants in managing inflammatory conditions and highlights their potential for nutraceutical applications. It may be a useful to eliminate trigger in inflammatory with interaction with receptors. These interactions occur in NF-κB signalling in inflammation pathway usually, and its dysregulation is an important factor for many inflammatory-related diseases such as asthma, atherosclerosis, gout, diabetes, cancer and many more.Item Rimurimu of Waihau Bay: A Guide to Common Seaweeds of the Region(Auckland University of Technology, 2025-12-11) White, W Lindsey; Wilton, Stevie; Smith, Thomas; Sommerville, Pippa; Ryan-Watson, Caitlyn; Gee-Miller, Natasha; Roach, Jessica; Simmons, FelicityItem A Study on Optimizing Functional Oats and Quinoa Cookies: The Role of Fiber in Enhancing Texture, Taste, and Sensory Acceptance of Rebaudioside A–sweetened Formulation(Functional Food Center, 2025-12-05) Banu, A; Watawana, MI; Ryan, G; Pogorzalek, M; Granato, D; Sarda, FAHBackground: Since obesity, diabetes, and celiac disease are becoming global health issues, interest in low-calorie and gluten-free food consumption has increased over time. Sugar alternatives, such as Rebaudioside-A, have gained attention due to their health benefits and natural origins. In this study, we investigated the effects of Rebaudioside-A as a sugar substitute and inulin as a functional ingredient in gluten-free oat and quinoa cookies. Objective: This study aimed to develop and optimize gluten-free, dairy-free, and sugar-free functional cookies formulated from oats and quinoa. Rebaudioside-A was used as a complete substitute for traditional sugar. As an alternative, a dietary fiber source, inulin, was incorporated with three primary objectives: enhancing the product's sensory acceptability and nutritional value and improving its binding properties to ensure structural integrity. Methods: Oats and quinoa-based gluten-free cookies were formulated in three variations: sugar-based (SuC, control), Rebaudioside-A-based (StC), and Rebaudioside-A and Inulin-based (InStC). Water activity and texture analysis were performed on the same day of baking and after 5 days. Sensory analysis (n=103) was carried out following ethical approval. Results: Sensory evaluation revealed that InStC had improved acceptability compared with StC alone due to the inclusion of inulin, with no difference in odor or color. Based on the sensory study results, there was no perceived difference between odor and color for the three formulations. Suc and InStC showed the same water activity and physical texture analysis results, and the texture sensory analysis also found the two products to be not different. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that replacing sugar with Rebaudioside-A and incorporating inulin in gluten-free cookies is a novel and viable approach for developing functional, low-calorie baked goods. While Rebaudioside-A alone posed challenges in terms of aftertaste acceptability, adding inulin improved the sensory profile in terms of taste and texture.Item A Front Lines Look at Peer-to-Peer Sharing of Indigenous Knowledge and Academic Science(Oxford University Press (OUP), 2025-12-02) Pendleton, L; Baron-Aguilar, C; Tsai, FCL; Kokaua, L; Quesnot, T; Vavia, Antony; Rongo, T; Tseng, HC; Alexandroff, SJ; Su, SHL; Ho, TYIndigenous knowledge systems and non-Indigenous academic science are recognized as important components of the evidence base that Indigenous leaders can use to manage marine protected areas (MPAs). Nevertheless, the use of both Indigenous and academic knowledge in marine management is still evolving. Indigenous academics, i.e. people of Indigenous heritage with advanced academic training, are increasingly acting as the agents to integrate Indigenous knowledge, academic approaches, and marine management. While attention in the literature has been paid to knowledge sharing between Indigenous knowledge holders and academic researchers, far less has been written about peer-to-peer knowledge sharing between Indigenous academics working in marine science and management. Here, we describe the frontline details of a workshop focused on the sharing of Indigenous knowledge and academic science by Indigenous academics. The workshop, held in Taiwan, brought together Indigenous academics and community leaders from across the Austronesian region. The central technical challenge was facilitating effective cross-cultural knowledge exchange between diverse Indigenous communities and Indigenous academics and researchers. The workshop employed several technical approaches that likely have broad application beyond Indigenous peer-to-peer knowledge sharing. We used a co-designed planning process that prioritized Indigenous protocols over common academic formats. This involved remote meetings and iterative agenda revisions to address cultural sensitivities and ensure collaborative input from all participating Indigenous groups (Amis and Polynesian). The workshop deliberately moved away from panel presentations to utilize culturally resonant activities like ceremonies, gift-giving, and circle discussions in a longhouse; this helped to create a foundation of trust and respect, essential for authentic knowledge sharing. We undertook an active listening approach in which our most senior and most junior participants were charged with making sense of the proceedings and creating the post-workshop analysis of the meeting's outcomes. We found that four key elements were important to the success of our knowledge exchange: build relationships, raise awareness about Indigenous academic science, engage in active listening, and allow for enough time.