Designing Ethical AI: Balancing Inclusion and Autonomy
Date
Authors
Touhidul Islam, ASM
Tookey, John
Supervisor
Item type
Journal Article
Degree name
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Emerald
Abstract
Purpose This paper aims to explore the ethical tension between representational inclusivity and individual freedom in AI systems. It highlights how bias mitigation efforts, especially for women and children, may unintentionally restrict user autonomy when ethical interventions prescribe engagement patterns. Design/methodology/approach Using a data-centric and human-centered design, the study integrates the FAT (Fairness, Accountability, Transparency) model and Stanford’s Human-Centered AI framework. It analyses systemic nudging through empirical illustrations from recommendation systems, education platforms and profiling tools. Findings Ethical interventions can compromise autonomy if not carefully designed. A dual-layered framework – combining system-level bias auditing with user-level content mediation – is proposed to balance fairness with freedom. Research limitations/implications The study relies on illustrative cases and literature. Future work should include empirical validation through original data collection and longitudinal analysis. Practical implications The framework offers guidance for developers, educators and policymakers to design AI systems that balance personalization with ethical representation. Social implications The study promotes inclusive representation and user empowerment, contributing to equity and justice in AI technologies. Originality/value By integrating ethical theory with practical illustrations, the paper presents a structured approach to designing AI systems that respect both representation and autonomy.Description
Keywords
46 Information and Computing Sciences, 4608 Human-Centred Computing, Behavioral and Social Science, Clinical Research, Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence, 8.3 Policy, ethics, and research governance, 8.1 Organisation and delivery of services, 16 Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions, Ethical artificial intelligence, Freedom of choice, Algorithmic fairness, Inclusive representation, Human-centered AI, Children and gender equity in AI
Source
Journal of Ethics in Entrepreneurship and Technology, ISSN: 2633-7436 (Print); 2633-7444 (Online), Emerald, 6(1), 83-96. doi: 10.1108/jeet-05-2025-0027
Rights statement
© 2025 A.S.M. Touhidul Islam and John Tookey. Published in Journal of Ethics in Entrepreneurship and Technology. Published by Emerald Publishing Limited. This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) licence. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this licence may be seen at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/