Sport, Healthcare and Educational Organisations’ Perceptions of a Framework for Managing Concussion in New Zealand Schools: A Qualitative Study

Abstract

Introduction Concussion guidelines exist for Aotearoa New Zealand schools for safe return-to-learn/sports, yet are infrequently implemented. We previously co-designed a framework for managing concussion in schools with school and sports stakeholders and students with concussion and their parents, and piloted the framework in 12 schools.

Aim We explored perceptions of key national, regional, and local stakeholders regarding the value of a FRAmework for maNaging Concussion in Schools (FRANCS) and develop recommendations for wider-scale implementation.

Methods Using Participatory Action Research, we invited representatives from national and regional healthcare, education, and sporting organisations to participate in semi-structured interviews and focus groups. Forty-five participants were included, and we used thematic analysis for the data.

Results We defined three main themes. The first theme, ‘the school–sport–healthcare nexus’, describes the intersection of existing school, sport, and healthcare contexts for management of students with concussions. The second theme, ‘FRANCS opportunities and refinement’, centred on participants’ perceptions of factors of the framework that may influence its implementation. The third theme, ‘making it work on a larger scale’, related to the need for coordinated efforts and collaborations among various agencies and stakeholders to support a national roll-out.

Discussion Participants believed there was high value in a national adoption of FRANCS to address significant challenges faced by schools in supporting students with concussion. Competing priorities, concussion knowledge and beliefs, resources, and existing policies were identified to potentially influence wider implementation.