Low-carbohydrate Diets Differing in Carbohydrate Restriction Improve Cardiometabolic and Anthropometric Markers in Healthy Adults: A Randomised Clinical Trial

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aut.relation.journalPeerJen_NZ
aut.relation.volume7en_NZ
aut.researcherDrabsch, Julie
dc.contributor.authorHarvey, CJDCen_NZ
dc.contributor.authorSchofield, GMen_NZ
dc.contributor.authorZinn, Cen_NZ
dc.contributor.authorThornley, SJen_NZ
dc.contributor.authorCrofts, Cen_NZ
dc.contributor.authorMerien, FLRen_NZ
dc.date.accessioned2021-06-29T03:41:44Z
dc.date.available2021-06-29T03:41:44Z
dc.date.copyright2019en_NZ
dc.date.issued2019en_NZ
dc.description.abstractBackground: Low-carbohydrate, high-fat (LCHF) diets are useful for treating a range of health conditions, but there is little research evaluating the degree of carbohydrate restriction on outcome measures. This study compares anthropometric and cardiometabolic outcomes between differing carbohydrate-restricted diets. Objective: Our hypothesis was that moderate carbohydrate restriction is easier to maintain and more effective for improving cardiometabolic health markers than greater restriction. Design: A total of 77 healthy participants were randomised to a very low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet (VLCKD), low-carbohydrate diet (LCD), or moderate-low carbohydrate diet (MCD), containing 5%, 15% and 25% total energy from carbohydrate, respectively, for 12-weeks. Anthropometric and metabolic health measures were taken at baseline and at 12 weeks. Using ANOVA, both within and between-group outcomes were analysed. Results: Of 77 participants, 39 (51%) completed the study. In these completers overall, significant reductions in weight and body mass index occurred ((mean change) 3.7 kg/m 2 ; 95% confidence limits (CL): 3.8, 1.8), along with increases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, (0.49 mmol/L; 95% CL; 0.06, 0.92; p = 0.03), and total cholesterol concentrations (0.11 mmol/L; 95% CL; 0.00, 0.23; p = 0.05). Triglyceride (TG) levels were reduced by 0.12 mmol/L (95% CL; -0.20, 0.02; p = 0.02). No significant changes occurred between groups. The largest improvements in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and TG and anthropometric changes occurred for the VLCKD group. Conclusions: Low-carbohydrate, high-fat diets have a positive effect on markers of health. Adherence to the allocation of carbohydrate was more easily achieved in MCD, and LCD groups compared to VLCKD and there were comparable improvements in weight loss and waist circumference and greater improvements in HDL-c and TG with greater carbohydrate restriction.en_NZ
dc.identifier.citationPeerJ 7:e6273 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6273
dc.identifier.doi10.7717/peerj.6273en_NZ
dc.identifier.issn2167-8359en_NZ
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10292/14311
dc.publisherPeerJ Inc.en_NZ
dc.relation.urihttps://peerj.com/articles/6273/
dc.rights© 2019 Harvey et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.
dc.rights.accessrightsOpenAccessen_NZ
dc.titleLow-carbohydrate Diets Differing in Carbohydrate Restriction Improve Cardiometabolic and Anthropometric Markers in Healthy Adults: A Randomised Clinical Trialen_NZ
dc.typeJournal Article
pubs.elements-id353218
pubs.organisational-data/AUT
pubs.organisational-data/AUT/Faculty of Design & Creative Technologies
pubs.organisational-data/AUT/Faculty of Design & Creative Technologies/School of Engineering, Computer & Mathematical Sciences
pubs.organisational-data/AUT/Faculty of Design & Creative Technologies/School of Engineering, Computer & Mathematical Sciences/BioDesign Lab
pubs.organisational-data/AUT/Faculty of Health & Environmental Science
pubs.organisational-data/AUT/Faculty of Health & Environmental Science/School of Public Health & Interdisciplinary Studies
pubs.organisational-data/AUT/Faculty of Health & Environmental Science/School of Science
pubs.organisational-data/AUT/Faculty of Health & Environmental Science/School of Science/Biomedicine & Medical Diagnostics Department
pubs.organisational-data/AUT/Faculty of Health & Environmental Science/School of Sport & Recreation
pubs.organisational-data/AUT/Faculty of Health & Environmental Science/School of Sport & Recreation/Physical Activity, Nutrition & the Outdoors Department
pubs.organisational-data/AUT/Faculty of Health & Environmental Science/School of Sport & Recreation/Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand
pubs.organisational-data/AUT/Faculty of Health & Environmental Science/School of Sport & Recreation/Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand/Human Potential Research Group
pubs.organisational-data/AUT/Faculty of Health & Environmental Science/School of Sport & Recreation/Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand/Sports Physiology & Nutrition Research Group
pubs.organisational-data/AUT/PBRF
pubs.organisational-data/AUT/PBRF/PBRF Health and Environmental Sciences
pubs.organisational-data/AUT/PBRF/PBRF Health and Environmental Sciences/HA Science 2018 PBRF
pubs.organisational-data/AUT/PBRF/PBRF Health and Environmental Sciences/HI Interprofessional 2018 PBRF
pubs.organisational-data/AUT/PBRF/PBRF Health and Environmental Sciences/HS Sports & Recreation 2018 PBRF
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