A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of the effect of protein supplementation on resistance training-induced gains in muscle mass and strength in healthy adults

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aut.relation.journalBr J Sports Meden_NZ
aut.researcherHelms, Eric
dc.contributor.authorMorton, RWen_NZ
dc.contributor.authorMurphy, KTen_NZ
dc.contributor.authorMcKellar, SRen_NZ
dc.contributor.authorSchoenfeld, BJen_NZ
dc.contributor.authorHenselmans, Men_NZ
dc.contributor.authorHelms, Een_NZ
dc.contributor.authorAragon, AAen_NZ
dc.contributor.authorDevries, MCen_NZ
dc.contributor.authorBanfield, Len_NZ
dc.contributor.authorKrieger, JWen_NZ
dc.contributor.authorPhillips, SMen_NZ
dc.date.accessioned2018-07-03T03:52:38Z
dc.date.available2018-07-03T03:52:38Z
dc.date.copyright2017-07-11en_NZ
dc.date.issued2017-07-11en_NZ
dc.description.abstractOBJECTIVE: We performed a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression to determine if dietary protein supplementation augments resistance exercise training (RET)-induced gains in muscle mass and strength. DATA SOURCES: A systematic search of Medline, Embase, CINAHL and SportDiscus. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Only randomised controlled trials with RET ≥6 weeks in duration and dietary protein supplementation. DESIGN: Random-effects meta-analyses and meta-regressions with four a priori determined covariates. Two-phase break point analysis was used to determine the relationship between total protein intake and changes in fat-free mass (FFM). RESULTS: Data from 49 studies with 1863 participants showed that dietary protein supplementation significantly (all p<0.05) increased changes (means (95% CI)) in: strength-one-repetition-maximum (2.49 kg (0.64, 4.33)), FFM (0.30 kg (0.09, 0.52)) and muscle size-muscle fibre cross-sectional area (CSA; 310 µm(2) (51, 570)) and mid-femur CSA (7.2 mm(2) (0.20, 14.30)) during periods of prolonged RET. The impact of protein supplementation on gains in FFM was reduced with increasing age (-0.01 kg (-0.02,-0.00), p=0.002) and was more effective in resistance-trained individuals (0.75 kg (0.09, 1.40), p=0.03). Protein supplementation beyond total protein intakes of 1.62 g/kg/day resulted in no further RET-induced gains in FFM. SUMMARY/CONCLUSION: Dietary protein supplementation significantly enhanced changes in muscle strength and size during prolonged RET in healthy adults. Increasing age reduces and training experience increases the efficacy of protein supplementation during RET. With protein supplementation, protein intakes at amounts greater than ~1.6 g/kg/day do not further contribute RET-induced gains in FFM.en_NZ
dc.identifier.citationBritish Journal of Sports Medicine, 2018; 52: pp. 376-384.
dc.identifier.doi10.1136/bjsports-2017-097608en_NZ
dc.identifier.issn1473-0480en_NZ
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10292/11640
dc.languageengen_NZ
dc.relation.urihttps://bjsm.bmj.com/content/52/6/376
dc.rightsThis is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
dc.rights.accessrightsOpenAccessen_NZ
dc.subjectGrowthen_NZ
dc.subjectHypertrophyen_NZ
dc.subjectPerformance. leucineen_NZ
dc.subjectSupplementen_NZ
dc.subjectWheyen_NZ
dc.titleA systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of the effect of protein supplementation on resistance training-induced gains in muscle mass and strength in healthy adultsen_NZ
dc.typeJournal Article
pubs.elements-id286055
pubs.organisational-data/AUT
pubs.organisational-data/AUT/Health & Environmental Science
pubs.organisational-data/AUT/Health & Environmental Science/Sports & Recreation
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