A SWOT Analysis of Stakeholder Perspectives on the Strategic Application of Economic Sustainability Indicators in Ghana’s Road Infrastructure Development

Abstract

This study explores the economic criterion indicators for sustainable road and highway infrastructure development in Ghana through a phenomenological research approach. Using SWOT analysis and semi-structured interviews with 14 key stakeholders, including government officials, academics, and private sector professionals, the research examines four critical economic indicators: material costs, lifecycle costs, construction time, and maintenance and operation costs Through content analysis using ATLAS.ti 9 software, the study evaluates internal strengths and weaknesses, as well as external opportunities and threats affecting each indicator’s implementation. The findings reveal multifaceted challenges including insufficient expertise in lifecycle cost analysis, inadequate maintenance funding, weak regulatory enforcement, and political interference. The study identifies strategic action plans for each indicator, including local material sourcing, improved procurement practices, capacity building initiatives, enhanced stakeholder collaboration, and technological integration. These recommendations are supported by specific deliverables and expert remarks that provide practical implementation guidance. This research contributes to sustainable infrastructure development theory and practice by providing a comprehensive framework for economic sustainability in Ghana’s road and highway sector. While the study’s geographical focus may limit generalisability, it offers valuable insights for policymakers and practitioners in developing countries facing similar challenges. The findings suggest that the successful implementation of economic sustainability indicators requires a coordinated approach combining technical expertise, policy reform, and stakeholder engagement, while considering local contextual factors.