Processing and Extraction Methods of Medicinal Cannabis: A Narrative Review

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aut.relation.articlenumber32en_NZ
aut.relation.issue1en_NZ
aut.relation.journalJournal of Cannabis Researchen_NZ
aut.relation.volume3en_NZ
aut.researcherHutcheson, Catherine
dc.contributor.authorLazarjani, MPen_NZ
dc.contributor.authorYoung, Oen_NZ
dc.contributor.authorKebede, Len_NZ
dc.contributor.authorSeyfoddin, Aen_NZ
dc.date.accessioned2021-07-30T04:13:20Z
dc.date.available2021-07-30T04:13:20Z
dc.date.copyright2021-07-19en_NZ
dc.date.issued2021-07-19en_NZ
dc.description.abstractINTRODUCTION: As the cannabis industry transitions from a black market to a legal market, product development, and methods of extraction have become a focal point. To date, more than thousands of chemical constituents have been identified from the cannabis plant, all of which possess different chemical properties that require different conditions for preservation during drying and extraction. However, scientific publications that explore these areas for the cannabis plant are currently lacking. METHOD: This is a narrative review paper which focuses on critiquing drying and extraction methods of Cannabis sativa L. plant. Relevant keywords such as medicinal cannabis, extraction, solvent, cannabinoids, and terpenes have been searched in PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library (Wiley) databases. RESULT: To find relevant papers for this narrative review, 93 papers have been reviewed. Among them, 12 irrelevant papers were discarded. The excluded papers were either about hemp seed oil or hemp fiber and protein. Based on this review, solvent extraction is the most common method for cannabis plants. Although solventless and hydrodynamic extraction are known for their high yield and feasibility, more investigation is needed in these areas. Regarding the drying process, hang-drying is the most convenient method; however, it may be substituted by freeze-drying in the near future. DISCUSSION: This review analyses various drying and extraction processes to guide the selection of suitable methods for various types of cannabis products and applications. This is done by outlining traditional and modern methods of drying techniques, exploring the importance of solvents for extraction, visiting solventless extraction procedures, and finally comparing conventional and alternative methods of extraction. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, based on the current knowledge, using organic solvents is the most convenient method for medicinal cannabis extraction. However, more research is needed for some of the drying and extraction methods. Also, developing a green and sustainable cannabis extraction method should be considered for future studies.en_NZ
dc.identifier.citationJournal of Cannabis Research 3, 32 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s42238-021-00087-9
dc.identifier.doi10.1186/s42238-021-00087-9en_NZ
dc.identifier.issn2522-5782en_NZ
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10292/14390
dc.languageengen_NZ
dc.publisherBioMed Central
dc.relation.urihttps://jcannabisresearch.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s42238-021-00087-9
dc.rights© The Author(s) 2021. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
dc.rights.accessrightsOpenAccessen_NZ
dc.subjectCannabinoidsen_NZ
dc.subjectCannabisen_NZ
dc.subjectDryingen_NZ
dc.subjectExtractionen_NZ
dc.subjectProcessingen_NZ
dc.subjectSolventsen_NZ
dc.subjectTerpenesen_NZ
dc.titleProcessing and Extraction Methods of Medicinal Cannabis: A Narrative Reviewen_NZ
dc.typeJournal Article
pubs.elements-id435603
pubs.organisational-data/AUT
pubs.organisational-data/AUT/Faculty of Design & Creative Technologies
pubs.organisational-data/AUT/Faculty of Design & Creative Technologies/School of Engineering, Computer & Mathematical Sciences
pubs.organisational-data/AUT/Faculty of Design & Creative Technologies/School of Engineering, Computer & Mathematical Sciences/BioDesign Lab
pubs.organisational-data/AUT/Faculty of Health & Environmental Science
pubs.organisational-data/AUT/Faculty of Health & Environmental Science/School of Science
pubs.organisational-data/AUT/PBRF
pubs.organisational-data/AUT/PBRF/PBRF Health and Environmental Sciences
pubs.organisational-data/AUT/PBRF/PBRF Health and Environmental Sciences/HI Interprofessional 2018 PBRF
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