Associations Between Illness Perceptions, Distress, Self-Reported Cognitive Difficulties and Cognitive Performance After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
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CSIRO Publishing
Abstract
Objectives To examine associations between subjective and objective cognitive problems, and factors potentially modifying these relationships, after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Methods Treatment-seeking adults (n = 95) were assessed 6 weeks (Time 1) and then 6 months later (Time 2) after mTBI. Validated questionnaires assessed cognitive, emotional and somatic mTBI symptoms, distress, catastrophising, and beliefs about symptoms and recovery. Cognitive performance was measured using the National Institutes of Health Toolbox Cognition Battery. Using correlations and linear regression, we explored associations between psychological factors, objectively measured cognitive performance and self-reported cognitive symptoms. Results There were only modest correlations between subjective cognitive symptoms and objective cognitive performance at assessment timepoints. In contrast, there were medium to large correlations between subjective cognitive symptoms, post-concussion symptom burden and psychological factors. Post-concussion symptom burden and beliefs about symptoms and recovery at Time 1 predicted persisting self-reported cognitive symptoms at Time 2. Conclusions High post-concussion symptom burden and non-recovery expectations may increase risk for persistent subjectively experienced cognitive symptoms. Our findings may guide targeted treatment efforts focusing on factors with potential to influence cognitive symptom reporting after mTBI. Summary In this study, we investigated factors that might influence cognitive recovery after concussion. We found having many post-concussion symptoms and fears of nonrecovery may increase risk for persisting cognitive symptoms. Our findings may guide targeted treatment efforts focusing on factors with potential to influence cognitive symptom reporting after concussion.Description
Keywords
5203 Clinical and Health Psychology, 42 Health Sciences, 52 Psychology, Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), Neurosciences, Physical Injury - Accidents and Adverse Effects, Behavioral and Social Science, Traumatic Head and Spine Injury, Brain Disorders, Mind and Body, Clinical Research, 2.3 Psychological, social and economic factors, Mental health, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, 17 Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, 32 Biomedical and clinical sciences, 42 Health sciences, 52 Psychology
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Brain Impairment, ISSN: 1443-9646 (Print); 1839-5252 (Online), CSIRO Publishing, 26(3). doi: 10.1071/ib24074
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© 2025 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing on behalf of the Australasian Society for the Study of Brain Impairment. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND)