Alterations in Measures of Body Composition, Neuromuscular Performance, Hormonal Levels, Physiological Adaptations, and Psychometric Outcomes During Preparation for Physique Competition: A Systematic Review of Case Studies.

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aut.relation.endpage59
aut.relation.issue2
aut.relation.journalJournal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology
aut.relation.startpage59
aut.relation.volume8
dc.contributor.authorSchoenfeld, Brad J
dc.contributor.authorAndroulakis-Korakakis, Patroklos
dc.contributor.authorPiñero, Alec
dc.contributor.authorBurke, Ryan
dc.contributor.authorColeman, Max
dc.contributor.authorMohan, Adam E
dc.contributor.authorEscalante, Guillermo
dc.contributor.authorRukstela, Alexa
dc.contributor.authorCampbell, Bill
dc.contributor.authorHelms, Eric
dc.date.accessioned2023-05-30T02:43:03Z
dc.date.available2023-05-30T02:43:03Z
dc.date.issued2023-05-08
dc.description.abstractThe present paper aimed to systematically review case studies on physique athletes to evaluate longitudinal changes in measures of body composition, neuromuscular performance, chronic hormonal levels, physiological adaptations, and psychometric outcomes during pre-contest preparation. We included studies that (1) were classified as case studies involving physique athletes during the pre-contest phase of their competitive cycle; (2) involved adults (18+ years of age) as participants; (3) were published in an English-language peer-reviewed journal; (4) had a pre-contest duration of at least 3 months; (5) reported changes across contest preparation relating to measures of body composition (fat mass, lean mass, and bone mineral density), neuromuscular performance (strength and power), chronic hormonal levels (testosterone, estrogen, cortisol, leptin, and ghrelin), physiological adaptations (maximal aerobic capacity, resting energy expenditure, heart rate, blood pressure, menstrual function, and sleep quality), and/or psychometric outcomes (mood states and food desire). Our review ultimately included 11 case studies comprising 15 ostensibly drug-free athletes (male = 8, female = 7) who competed in various physique-oriented divisions including bodybuilding, figure, and bikini. The results indicated marked alterations across the array of analyzed outcomes, sometimes with high inter-individual variability and divergent sex-specific responses. The complexities and implications of these findings are discussed herein.
dc.identifier.citationJournal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, ISSN: 2411-5142 (Print); 2411-5142 (Online), MDPI AG, 8(2), 59-59. doi: 10.3390/jfmk8020059
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/jfmk8020059
dc.identifier.issn2411-5142
dc.identifier.issn2411-5142
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10292/16202
dc.languageeng
dc.publisherMDPI AG
dc.relation.urihttps://www.mdpi.com/2411-5142/8/2/59
dc.rights.accessrightsOpenAccess
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectbikini
dc.subjectbodybuilding
dc.subjecteffects
dc.subjectfigure
dc.subjectpre-contest
dc.subject32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences
dc.subject3202 Clinical Sciences
dc.subject42 Health Sciences
dc.subjectNeurosciences
dc.subjectClinical Trials and Supportive Activities
dc.subjectMind and Body
dc.subjectClinical Research
dc.subject3209 Neurosciences
dc.subject4201 Allied health and rehabilitation science
dc.subject4207 Sports science and exercise
dc.titleAlterations in Measures of Body Composition, Neuromuscular Performance, Hormonal Levels, Physiological Adaptations, and Psychometric Outcomes During Preparation for Physique Competition: A Systematic Review of Case Studies.
dc.typeJournal Article
pubs.elements-id507639
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