Distinguishing Trait and State Competitiveness in University Students Using Generalizability Theory

Medvedev, Oleg; Wang, Grace; Krägeloh, Chris; Zhao, Qingbai

doi:10.1007/s44202-025-00486-6

Distinguishing Trait and State Competitiveness in University Students Using Generalizability Theory

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Journal article

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Date

2025-10-21

Authors

Medvedev, Oleg

Wang, Grace

Krägeloh, Chris

Zhao, Qingbai

Item type

Journal Article

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Abstract

During transition to adulthood, competitiveness can significantly influence an individual’s success in academic, professional, and social contexts. This study applied the Revised Competitiveness Index (RCI) to a sample of 227 individuals aged 18 to 29, measuring competitiveness across three time intervals, each separated by three weeks, to assess the stability of this trait using generalizability theory. Findings indicate that competitiveness, as measured by the RCI, exhibits significant consistency across time points, underscoring its presence as a stable trait rather than a fluctuating state. The results suggest that competitiveness remains a persistent characteristic within this demographic, potentially aiding in identifying individuals with a natural disposition toward competitive environments. Efforts to delineate state competitiveness through the index items proved less fruitful. This research accentuates the importance of considering competitiveness trait within young adults, with implications for designing educational and professional interventions aimed at recognising and nurturing competitive strengths in youth.

Keywords

52 Psychology, 5201 Applied and Developmental Psychology, Competitiveness, Youth, Revised competitiveness index, Generalizability theory, State, Trait

Source

Discover Psychology, ISSN: 2731-4537 (Print); 2731-4537 (Online), Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 5(1), 126-. doi: 10.1007/s44202-025-00486-6