School of Sport and Recreation

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https://hdl.handle.net/10292/1542
The School of Sport and Recreation has groups of academic researchers who conduct research in sport and activity-related areas. Research areas are:
  • Co-operative education
  • Outdoor education

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Now showing 1 - 5 of 382
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    The Impact of CREBRF rs373863828 Pacific-Variant on Infant Body Composition
    (Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2024-04-17) Amitrano, F; Krishnan, M; Murphy, R; Okesene-Gafa, KAM; Ji, M; Thompson, JMD; Taylor, RS; Merriman, TR; Rush, E; McCowan, M; McCowan, LME; McKinlay, CJD
    In Māori and Pacific adults, the CREBRF rs373863828 minor (A) allele is associated with increased body mass index (BMI) but reduced incidence of type-2 and gestational diabetes mellitus. In this prospective cohort study of Māori and Pacific infants, nested within a nutritional intervention trial for pregnant women with obesity and without pregestational diabetes, we investigated whether the rs373863828 A allele is associated with differences in growth and body composition from birth to 12–18 months’ corrected age. Infants with and without the variant allele were compared using generalised linear models adjusted for potential confounding by gestation length, sex, ethnicity and parity, and in a secondary analysis, additionally adjusted for gestational diabetes. Carriage of the rs373863828 A allele was not associated with altered growth and body composition from birth to 6 months. At 12–18 months, infants with the rs373863828 A allele had lower whole-body fat mass [FM 1.4 (0.7) vs. 1.7 (0.7) kg, aMD −0.4, 95% CI −0.7, 0.0, P = 0.05; FM index 2.2 (1.1) vs. 2.6 (1.0) kg/m2 aMD −0.6, 95% CI −1.2,0.0, P = 0.04]. However, this association was not significant after adjustment for gestational diabetes, suggesting that it may be mediated, at least in part, by the beneficial effect of CREBRF rs373863828 A allele on maternal glycemic status.
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    Fueling for and Recovering from Resistance Training: The Peri-Workout Nutrition Practices of Competitive Powerlifters
    (Elsevier BV, 2024-02-07) King, Andrew; Kwan, Kedric; Jukic, Ivan; Zinn, Caryn; Helms, Eric
    Purpose: Nutrient timing is a concept that emphasizes the intentional ingestion of whole or fortified foods, and dietary supplements, to adequately fuel for, and recover from, acute and chronic exercise. The nutrition strategies used by powerlifters around training sessions have not, to our knowledge, been previously investigated. This study explored the self-reported periworkout (before, during, and after) nutrition practices of competitive powerlifters, including what, why, and information source that informed practice, with comparison to current sport nutrition guidelines. Methods: Actively competing male (n = 240) and female (n = 65) powerlifters completed a cross-sectional online survey of self-reported periworkout nutrition practices in the pre-, intra-, and postexercise periods, fasted training, and supplementation. Data are presented as the number (n) and percentage (%) of all powerlifters practicing a given strategy followed by a % of responses reporting various practices or beliefs within this strategy. Categorical subgroups (sex, age, and weight class; and competitive caliber) were analyzed with a chi-square test or Fisher's exact test and denoted where significant (P ≤ 0.05). Results: Most powerlifters reported paying specific attention to nutrition practices in the pre-exercise period (n = 261; 85.6%) by ingesting more carbohydrate (CHO) rich foods (n = 234; 89.6%) for the purpose of assisting in training performance (n = 222; 85.1%). Most powerlifters reported intraexercise nutrition strategies (n = 211; 69.2%), of which most included ingesting more CHO rich foods (n = 159; 74.5%) for the purpose of feeling less hungry and/or boosting energy levels during training (n = 129; 61.1%). Most powerlifters reported paying attention to postexercise nutrition (n = 244; 80%), by ingesting more protein rich foods (n = 182; 74.6%) for the purpose of recovering better for the whole day (n = 152; 62.3%) and enhancing the benefits of training (n = 149; 61.1%). Most powerlifters did not complete training sessions in the fasted state (n = 262; 85.9%). Most powerlifters reported paying attention to supplementation before training (n = 237; 77.7%), of which preworkout formulas (n = 137; 57.8%), energy drinks (n = 101; 42.6%), creatine (n = 88; 37.1%), and caffeine pills (n = 70; 29.5%) were most reported. Supplementation was used to assist in training performance (n = 197; 83.1%) and increase wakefulness/alertness (n = 183; 77.2%). Males reported more often than females that they informed multiple elements of their nutrition practices with the information they read or watched somewhere (P = 0.002–0.012). Conclusion: The periworkout nutrition practices used by competitive powerlifters followed current sport nutrition guidelines, by using CHO sources to fuel for training and ensuring the provision of protein postexercise. Competitive powerlifters may wish to exert caution with supplementation, as there is a risk of harm or inadvertent doping.
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    Travel to School Patterns and Perceptions of Walking to School in New Zealand Adolescents Before Versus During the COVID-19 Pandemic
    (Elsevier BV, 2024-05-01) Mandic, S; García Bengoechea, E; Coppell, KJ; Keall, M; Smith, M; Hopkins, D; Sandretto, S; Wilson, G; Kidd, G; Flaherty, C; Mindell, JS; Stephenson, J; King, K; Kentala, K; Rolleston, A; Spence, JC
    Background: In many countries, adolescents' active school travel rates were declining prior to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Subsequent changes in active school travel have not yet been investigated systematically. This study compared school travel modes and adolescents' perceptions of walking to school 5–6 years before (period 1 (P1)) and 1–2 years after (period 2 (P2)) the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Adolescents from Dunedin, New Zealand, completed an online questionnaire about their school travel and perceptions of walking to school in 2014–2015 (P1; n = 1463; 55.2% female) and 2021–2022 (P2; n = 1421; 44.4% female). Home-to-school distance was calculated using Geographic Information Systems. Data analysis included Chi-square tests, logistic regression and ordinary least squares regression. Results: The odds of adolescents walking to school ‘all the time’ or ‘most of the time’ versus ‘never’, ‘sometimes’ or ‘rarely’ were significantly lower in P2 compared with P1. The odds following the pandemic onset were only 0.58 of those pre-pandemic (95% CI: 0.43–0.79), controlling for differences between the two samples. During the same period the proportion of adolescents living in households with ≥2 vehicles increased from 69% to 78%. Adolescents' attitudes towards walking to school indicated significantly lower intentions and higher perceived barriers to walking to school in P2 versus P1, although differences were smaller among those living within walking distance to school. Conclusions: These findings highlight the need for renewed and extended efforts from cross-sectoral actors to support active school transport among adolescents during COVID-19 pandemic recovery efforts and in future similar events.
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    Validation of Actigraphy Sleep Metrics in Children Aged 8 to 16 Years: Considerations for Device Type, Placement and Algorithms
    (Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2024-04-16) Meredith-Jones, KA; Haszard, JJ; Graham-DeMello, A; Campbell, A; Stewart, T; Galland, BC; Cox, A; Kennedy, G; Duncan, S; Taylor, RW
    Background: Actigraphy is often used to measure sleep in pediatric populations, despite little confirmatory evidence of the accuracy of existing sleep/wake algorithms. The aim of this study was to determine the performance of 11 sleep algorithms in relation to overnight polysomnography in children and adolescents. Methods: One hundred thirty-seven participants aged 8–16 years wore two Actigraph wGT3X-BT (wrist, waist) and three Axivity AX3 (wrist, back, thigh) accelerometers over 24-h. Gold standard measures of sleep were obtained using polysomnography (PSG; Embletta MPRPG, ST + Proxy and TX Proxy) in the home environment, overnight. Epoch by epoch comparisons of the Sadeh (two algorithms), Cole-Kripke (three algorithms), Tudor-Locke (four algorithms), Count-Scaled (CS), and HDCZA algorithms were undertaken. Mean differences from PSG values were calculated for various sleep outcomes. Results: Overall, sensitivities were high (mean ± SD: 91.8%, ± 5.6%) and specificities moderate (63.8% ± 13.8%), with the HDCZA algorithm performing the best overall in terms of specificity (87.5% ± 1.3%) and accuracy (86.4% ± 0.9%). Sleep outcome measures were more accurately measured by devices worn at the wrist than the hip, thigh or lower back, with the exception of sleep efficiency where the reverse was true. The CS algorithm provided consistently accurate measures of sleep onset: the mean (95%CI) difference at the wrist with Axivity was 2 min (-6; -14,) and the offset was 10 min (5, -19). Several algorithms provided accurate measures of sleep quantity at the wrist, showing differences with PSG of just 1–18 min a night for sleep period time and 5–22 min for total sleep time. Accuracy was generally higher for sleep efficiency than for frequency of night wakings or wake after sleep onset. The CS algorithm was more accurate at assessing sleep period time, with narrower 95% limits of agreement compared to the HDCZA (CS:-165 to 172 min; HDCZA: -212 to 250 min). Conclusion: Although the performance of existing count-based sleep algorithms varies markedly, wrist-worn devices provide more accurate measures of most sleep measures compared to other sites. Overall, the HDZCA algorithm showed the greatest accuracy, although the most appropriate algorithm depends on the sleep measure of focus.
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    Use of the Concussion Check Protocol for Concussion Assessment in a Female Soccer Team Over Two Consecutive Seasons in New Zealand
    (Elsevier BV, 2024-04-13) King, D; Hume, P; Clark, T; Wethe, J
    Aim: Address deficiencies in access to sports sideline medical care by using a Concussion Check Protocol (CCP) for non-medically-trained people. Method: A prospective observational cohort study was undertaken on a single amateur female club-based soccer team over two consecutive years in New Zealand utilising a non-medically trained support person termed a Safety officer. CCP is an extension of the King-Devick test with features such as warning signs and symptoms of concussion built into the application. All players suspected of having a potential concussive injury were tested on the match sideline. Results: The study overall incidence of match-related concussions was 20.8 (95% CI: 11.8 to 36.6) per 1000 match-hrs, with mean missed-match duration of 31 (95% CI: 27.9 to 34.1) days. Twelve players over the study had a significantly slower post-injury K[sbnd]D (49.9 [44.3 to 64.1]s; χ2(1) = 11.0; p = 0.0009; z = −2.9; p = 0.0033; d = 0.30) and/or reported symptoms, compared with their own baseline (47.2 [44.3 to 64.1]s). CCP had an overall sensitivity of 100% (95% CI: 73.5% to 100.0%), specificity of 100% (95% CI: 69.2% to 100.0%) and positive predictive value (PPV) of 100% (84.6% to 100.0%). Conclusion: Sideline use of CCP was undertaken successfully by non-medically trained people and provided a reliable platform for concussion identification.
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