A Comprehensive Review of Event-Triggered Consensus Schemes in DC Microgrids

Abstract

This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent studies on event-triggered control schemes for DC microgrids. Several event-triggered mechanisms (ETMs) are thoroughly discussed, including static, dynamic, self-triggered, and edge-based algorithms. Considering the strengths and weaknesses of these algorithms, it is found that although such ETMs can decrease communication burden in the system, they are also susceptible to communication delays, Zeno behaviour, sensitivity to control parameter changes in triggering conditions, and inability to adapt to the fluctuating nature of renewable energy sources (RESs). Furthermore, this article examines implementation challenges, including data packet loss, quantisation effects, actuator faults, and a lack of cybersecurity measures, to provide readers with a clear vision of future trends in this field. Based on the main findings of the investigation, this review paper proposes possible areas for future research, highlighting the need for event-triggered control schemes that operate in discrete time, handle delays, and adapt to varying operating conditions. Other concepts, including adaptive control parameters for triggering conditions based on machine learning, the adoption of advanced cybersecurity measures, and data-aware transmission approaches that consider both communication frequency and total data volume, are also discussed. To conduct a comprehensive review of all the above-mentioned ETMs, several databases, including IEEE Xplore, Elsevier, and MDPI, were searched using the main keywords in this field, such as event-triggered, self-triggered, and edge-based ETMs, in conjunction with DC microgrids. This facilitated an in-depth analysis of such control schemes, including their strengths and weaknesses, providing readers with a strong basis for selecting a proper control scheme suited to their future research.