Exploring How Effective, Acceptable, and Practical a CBT–Sensory Modulation Approach Is for Supporting Children Aged 4–7 Experiencing Anxiety

Abstract

Background Childhood anxiety is an increasing concern globally, with rates rising significantly following the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there are relatively few evidence-based interventions specifically designed to directly target and involve younger children under 7 years old. To address this gap, a six-session manualised programme was developed to assist children aged 4–7 in managing their anxiety. The programme integrates Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) with Sensory Modulation (SM) strategies, providing simple and practical tools to aid young children in coping with anxiety. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness, acceptability, and practicality of this CBT-SM intervention when delivered through community-based child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS).

Methods A single-case experimental design (SCED) was employed, involving six children diagnosed with anxiety across two sites. At least three children were reported to have sensory challenges. A psychologist assessed the children's anxiety at three intervals: at the beginning of the study, after the intervention was completed, and 4 weeks later. Parents also completed questionnaires measuring behavioural issues (both internalising and externalising) and the impact of anxiety on daily life at baseline, prior to treatment, and after treatment.

Results The study revealed significant reductions in anxiety and improvements in overall functioning. Both parents and therapists reported the programme as acceptable. Notably, four out of six children (67%) no longer met the criteria for an anxiety diagnosis following the intervention and at follow-up.

Conclusions These findings provide preliminary support for the effectiveness, acceptability, and practicality of this innovative CBT-SM approach in assisting young children in managing anxiety.