Donor Conception in the Interests of the Well-Being of Donor-Conceived Persons, and Other Parties Connected through Donor Conception – A Review

Abstract

Gamete donation is increasingly being used by individuals to build their families, but legislation, policies, and practices vary significantly across jurisdictions. Historically, donations were often anonymous—a practice that remains possible in some countries, including across the Asia–Pacific. However, the significant advances in science that have allowed families to be created using donated gametes have also advanced the growing availability of direct-to-consumer DNA testing. This, coupled with a growing recognition of the rights and needs of donor-conceived persons (DCP), has driven a shift toward greater openness, particularly in Western countries. Individuals considering donor conception (DC) or becoming donors need to be aware of the psychosocial implications for themselves, their families, and, most importantly, the donor-conceived individuals. This review highlights key considerations, including disclosure of DC, access to identifying information about donors and siblings, opportunities for contact, altruistic donation, and adequate support systems. It also explores factors that can influence these provisions, such as cross-border reproductive care, informal or out-of-clinic donations, and large or unspecified donor limits. While not exhaustive, this review provides an overview of critical issues in the field. It is important to note that much of the existing research reflects a Western perspective, underscoring the need for further studies, particularly in the Asia–Pacific region.