Establishing the Patient Acceptable Symptom State for Patient-reported Pain Outcomes 6 Months After Breast Cancer Surgery
Date
Authors
Kang, Matthew
Rice, David
Helsby, Nuala
Somogyi, Andrew
Kluger, Michal
Chiang, Daniel
Supervisor
Item type
Journal Article
Degree name
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The patient-acceptable symptom state (PASS) is a threshold score on patient-reported outcome measures beyond which patients consider their symptoms unacceptable (PASS negative). The PASS may guide the interpretation of outcomes associated with persistent pain after breast cancer surgery (PPBCS). OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to identify PASS cut-off values for the numerical rating scale (NRS) on the brief pain inventory (BPI) items for pain at 6 months after breast cancer surgery and describe functional and psychological outcomes associated with an unacceptable (PASS-negative) pain state. METHODS: This prospective cohort study included patients undergoing primary breast cancer surgery. Patients were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively at 2 weeks and 6 months using validated questionnaires. Patient-acceptable symptom state was evaluated at 6 months after surgery. Patients were classified into PASS-positive (acceptable pain state) or PASS-negative groups using a pain-specific anchor question. Patient-acceptable symptom state thresholds for the BPI items were determined using the Youden index on a receiver operating characteristic curve. RESULTS: Of the 140 included patients, 13.6% reported a PASS-negative state at 6 months after surgery. Compared to PASS-positive patients, PASS-negative patients reported greater pain severity, pain interference, psychological distress, upper limb disability, and neuropathic pain (all P < 0.008). Numerical rating scale patient-acceptable symptom state cut-off values for the BPI items were 1.5 (worst pain), 0.5 (average pain), and 0.8 (pain interference). CONCLUSION: The NRS scores for the BPI worst pain >1.5, average pain >0.5, and pain interference >0.8 delineated patients with "unacceptable" PPBCS. These values may define clinically meaningful PPBCS and offer pain cut-off values for research.Description
Keywords
Breast cancer, Impact, Patient acceptable symptom state, Persistent pain, Risk factors, Surgery, 32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, 3202 Clinical Sciences, 3211 Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Chronic Pain, Pain Research, Clinical Research, Women's Health, 7.1 Individual care needs, Cancer, 3 Good Health and Well Being, 3202 Clinical sciences, 3209 Neurosciences, 3214 Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences
Source
Pain Rep, ISSN: 2471-2531 (Print); 2471-2531 (Online), Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), 10(4), e1297-. doi: 10.1097/PR9.0000000000001297
Rights statement
Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of The International Association for the Study of Pain. This item is Open Access.