Investigation of Non-contact Electrodes for Electrocardiogram Monitoring

Abstract

This work investigates the use of an active noncontact electrode to monitor electrocardiogram (ECG) signals in the chest region of the human body across different interface materials. Non-contact electrodes provide an advantage over wet gel electrodes as they do not require direct contact with the skin which can lead to skin irritation. The key aspects and parameters of non-contact electrodes were discussed. Additionally, a printed circuit board (PCB) electrode was designed and prototyped. Experimental evaluations were performed to demonstrate the feasibility of the design as well as the impact of various interface materials. Results showed that R-peaks can be detected through all materials tested. The highest noise levels were observed in polyester, resulting in the highest signal standard deviation, followed by merino and cotton. The patch sensor with just a solder mask as an insulation layer provided the clearest ECG signal, with 100% accuracy on Rpeak detection.Clinical relevance- Non-contact electrodes offer a more comfortable solution for long-term heart monitoring with minimal discomfort due to less skin irritation when compared to conventional electrodes.