Kinetic Modelling of Esterification and Transesterification Processes for Biodiesel Production Utilising Waste-based Resource

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aut.relation.articlenumber1472
aut.relation.endpage1472
aut.relation.issue11
aut.relation.journalCatalysts
aut.relation.startpage1472
aut.relation.volume12
dc.contributor.authorHazrat, MA
dc.contributor.authorRasul, MG
dc.contributor.authorKhan, MMK
dc.contributor.authorAshwath, N
dc.contributor.authorSilitonga, AS
dc.contributor.authorFattah, IMR
dc.contributor.authorMahlia, TMI
dc.date.accessioned2023-03-21T23:56:17Z
dc.date.available2023-03-21T23:56:17Z
dc.date.copyright2022-11-18
dc.description.abstractProcess optimisation and reaction kinetic model development were carried out for two-stage esterification-transesterification reactions of waste cooking oil (WCO) biodiesel. This study focused on these traditional processes due to their techno-economic feasibility, which is an important factor before deciding on a type of feedstock for industrialisation. Four-factor and two-level face-centred central composite design (CCD) models were used to optimise the process. The kinetic parameters for the esterification and transesterification processes were determined by considering both pseudo-homogeneous irreversible and pseudo-homogeneous first-order irreversible processes. For the esterification process, the optimal conditions were found to be an 8.12:1 methanol to oil molar ratio, 1.9 wt.% of WCO for H2SO4, and 60 °C reaction temperature for a period of 90 min. The optimal process conditions for the transesterification process were a 6.1:1 methanol to esterified oil molar ratio, 1.2 wt.% of esterified oil of KOH, reaction temperature of 60 °C, and a reaction time of 110 min in a batch reactor system; the optimal yield was 99.77%. The overall process conversion efficiency was found to be 97.44%. Further research into reaction kinetics will aid in determining the precise reaction process kinetic analysis in future.
dc.identifier.citationCatalysts, ISSN: 2073-4344 (Print); 2073-4344 (Online), MDPI AG, 12(11), 1472-1472. doi: 10.3390/catal12111472
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/catal12111472
dc.identifier.issn2073-4344
dc.identifier.issn2073-4344
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10292/16007
dc.languageen
dc.publisherMDPI AG
dc.relation.urihttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/12/11/1472
dc.rights.accessrightsOpenAccess
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subject4004 Chemical Engineering
dc.subject40 Engineering
dc.subject4018 Nanotechnology
dc.subject0306 Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural)
dc.subject3406 Physical chemistry
dc.subject4004 Chemical engineering
dc.subject4018 Nanotechnology
dc.subjectbiodiesel; esterification; transesterification; optimisation; reaction kinetics
dc.titleKinetic Modelling of Esterification and Transesterification Processes for Biodiesel Production Utilising Waste-based Resource
dc.typeJournal Article
pubs.elements-id496177
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