Anxiety, Disability, and Pain Predict Outcomes of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: An 8-year Follow-up of a Prospective Cohort
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Journal Article
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Elsevier
Abstract
Factors contributing to the varied outcomes of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) are not well known. This study aimed to determine whether baseline psychological factors, pain, and disability influence long-term CRPS outcomes. We conducted an 8-year follow-up from a previous prospective study of CRPS outcomes. Sixty-six people diagnosed with acute CRPS were previously assessed at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months and in the current study, 45 were followed up after 8 years. At each timepoint, we measured: signs and symptoms of CRPS, pain, disability, and psychological factors. Mixed-model repeated measures were used to identify baseline predictors of CRPS severity, pain, and disability at 8 years. Predictors of greater CRPS severity at 8 years were female sex, greater baseline disability, and greater baseline pain. Predictors of greater pain at 8 years were greater baseline anxiety and disability. The only predictor of greater disability at 8 years was greater baseline pain. Findings suggest CRPS is best understood from a biopsychosocial perspective, and baseline anxiety, pain and disability may influence the trajectory of CRPS outcomes as far as 8 years later. These variables could be used to identify those at risk of poor outcomes or form targets for early interventions.Description
Keywords
CRPS, disability, pain, prognostic, prospective, psychological, Complex regional pain syndrome, pain, prognostic, prospective, psychological, 4201 Allied Health and Rehabilitation Science, 32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, 3202 Clinical Sciences, 42 Health Sciences, Mental Health, Behavioral and Social Science, Neurosciences, Pain Research, Clinical Research, Chronic Pain, 7.1 Individual care needs, 7 Management of diseases and conditions, Musculoskeletal, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, 17 Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Anesthesiology, 3202 Clinical sciences, 4202 Epidemiology
Source
Journal of Pain, ISSN: 1526-5900 (Print); 1528-8447 (Online), Elsevier, 24(11), 1957-1967. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2023.06.003
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This is the Author's Accepted Manuscript of an article published in The Journal of Pain © 2023. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of United States Association for the Study of Pain, Inc