Finding Faults: A Scoping Study of Fault Diagnostics for Industrial Cyber-physical Systems

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aut.relation.articlenumber110638en_NZ
aut.relation.endpage110638
aut.relation.journalJournal of Systems and Softwareen_NZ
aut.relation.startpage110638
aut.researcherHutcheson, Catherine
dc.contributor.authorDowdeswell, Ben_NZ
dc.contributor.authorSinha, Ren_NZ
dc.contributor.authorMacDonell, Sen_NZ
dc.date.accessioned2020-05-19T04:34:45Z
dc.date.available2020-05-19T04:34:45Z
dc.date.copyright2020en_NZ
dc.date.issued2020en_NZ
dc.description.abstractContext: As Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems (ICPS) become more connected and widely-distributed, often operating in safety-critical environments, we require innovative approaches to detect and diagnose the faults that occur in them. Objective: We profile fault identification and diagnosis techniques employed in the aerospace, automotive, and industrial control domains. Each of these sectors has adopted particular methods to meet their differing diagnostic needs. By examining both theoretical presentations as well as case studies from production environments, we present a profile of the current approaches being employed and identify gaps. Methodology: A scoping study was used to identify and compare fault detection and diagnosis methodologies that are presented in the current literature. We created categories for the different diagnostic approaches via a pilot study and present an analysis of the trends that emerged. We then compared the maturity of these approaches by adapting and using the NASA Technology Readiness Level (TRL) scale. Results: Fault identification and analysis studies from 127 papers published from 2004 to 2019 reveal a wide diversity of promising techniques, both emerging and in-use. These range from traditional Physics-based Models to Data-Driven Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Knowledge-Based approaches. Hybrid techniques that blend aspects of these three broad categories were also encountered. Predictive diagnostics or prognostics featured prominently across all sectors, along with discussions of techniques including Fault trees, Petri nets and Markov approaches. We also profile some of the techniques that have reached the highest Technology Readiness Levels, showing how those methods are being applied in real-world environments beyond the laboratory. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the continuing wide use of both Model-Based and Data-Driven AI techniques across all domains, especially when they are used together in hybrid configuration, reflects the complexity of the current ICPS application space. While creating sufficiently-complete models is labour intensive, Model-free AI techniques were evidenced as a viable way of addressing aspects of this challenge, demonstrating the increasing sophistication of current machine learning systems. Connecting ICPS together to share sufficient telemetry to diagnose and manage faults is difficult when the physical environment places demands on ICPS. Despite these challenges, the most mature papers present robust fault diagnosis and analysis techniques which have moved beyond the laboratory and are proving valuable in real-world environments.
dc.identifier.citationThe Journal of Systems & Software (2020), doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2020.110638.
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.jss.2020.110638en_NZ
dc.identifier.issn0164-1212en_NZ
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10292/13347
dc.languageenen_NZ
dc.publisherElsevier BVen_NZ
dc.relation.urihttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121220301114?via%3Dihub
dc.rightsCopyright © Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2020. Authors retain the right to place his/her pre-publication version of the work on a personal website or institutional repository for non commercial purposes. The definitive version was published in (see Citation). The original publication is available at www.emeraldinsight.com (see Publisher’s Version).
dc.rights.accessrightsOpenAccessen_NZ
dc.subjectIndustrial cyber-physical systems; Faults; Automotive; Aerospace; Avionics; Industrial control
dc.titleFinding Faults: A Scoping Study of Fault Diagnostics for Industrial Cyber-physical Systemsen_NZ
dc.typeJournal Article
pubs.elements-id374978
pubs.organisational-data/AUT
pubs.organisational-data/AUT/Design & Creative Technologies
pubs.organisational-data/AUT/Design & Creative Technologies/Engineering, Computer & Mathematical Sciences
pubs.organisational-data/AUT/Design & Creative Technologies/Faculty Central
pubs.organisational-data/AUT/PBRF
pubs.organisational-data/AUT/PBRF/PBRF Design and Creative Technologies
pubs.organisational-data/AUT/PBRF/PBRF Design and Creative Technologies/PBRF ECMS
pubs.organisational-data/AUT/zTest
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