The Covariance Between Air Pollution Annoyance and Noise Annoyance, and Its Relationship With Health-related Quality of Life

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aut.relation.issue8en_NZ
aut.relation.journalInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Healthen_NZ
aut.relation.volume13en_NZ
aut.researcherLandon, Jason
dc.contributor.authorShepherd, Den_NZ
dc.contributor.authorDirks, Ken_NZ
dc.contributor.authorWelch, Den_NZ
dc.contributor.authorMcBride, Den_NZ
dc.contributor.authorLandon, Jen_NZ
dc.date.accessioned2016-09-26T03:23:44Z
dc.date.available2016-09-26T03:23:44Z
dc.date.copyright2016en_NZ
dc.date.issued2016en_NZ
dc.description.abstractAir pollution originating from road traffic is a known risk factor of respiratory and cardiovascular disease (both in terms of chronic and acute effects). While adverse effects on cardiovascular health have also been linked with noise (after controlling for air pollution), noise exposure has been commonly linked to sleep impairment and negative emotional reactions. Health is multi-faceted, both conceptually and operationally; Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) is one of many measures capable of probing health. In this study, we examine pre-collected data from postal surveys probing HRQOL obtained from a variety of urban, suburban, and rural contexts across the North Island of New Zealand. Analyses focus on the covariance between air pollution annoyance and noise annoyances, and their independent and combined effects on HRQOL. Results indicate that the highest ratings of air pollution annoyance and noise annoyances were for residents living close to the motorway, while the lowest were for rural residents. Most of the city samples indicated no significant difference between air pollution- and noise-annoyance ratings, and of all of the correlations between air pollution- and noise-annoyance, the highest were found in the city samples. These findings suggest that annoyance is driven by exposure to environmental factors and not personality characteristics. Analysis of HRQOL indicated that air pollution annoyance predicts greater variability in the physical HRQOL domain while noise annoyance predicts greater variability in the psychological, social and environmental domains. The lack of an interaction effect between air pollution annoyance and noise annoyance suggests that air pollution and noise impact on health independently. These results echo those obtained from objective measures of health and suggest that mitigation of traffic effects should address both air and noise pollution.en_NZ
dc.identifier.citationInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2016, 13, 792. doi: 10.3390/ijerph13080792
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/ijerph13080792en_NZ
dc.identifier.issn1660-4601en_NZ
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10292/10053
dc.languageengen_NZ
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.relation.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13080792
dc.rights© 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
dc.rights.accessrightsOpenAccessen_NZ
dc.subjectAir pollutionen_NZ
dc.subjectCovarianceen_NZ
dc.subjectEnvironmental noiseen_NZ
dc.subjectHealth Related Quality of Life (HRQOL)en_NZ
dc.subjectNoise annoyanceen_NZ
dc.subjectTrafficen_NZ
dc.titleThe Covariance Between Air Pollution Annoyance and Noise Annoyance, and Its Relationship With Health-related Quality of Lifeen_NZ
dc.typeJournal Article
pubs.elements-id209835
pubs.organisational-data/AUT
pubs.organisational-data/AUT/Health & Environmental Science
pubs.organisational-data/AUT/Health & Environmental Science/Public Health & Psych Studies
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