4D Printing in Biomedical Engineering: Advancements, Challenges, and Future Directions

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aut.relation.articlenumber347
aut.relation.endpage347
aut.relation.issue7
aut.relation.journalJournal of Functional Biomaterials
aut.relation.startpage347
aut.relation.volume14
dc.contributor.authorRamezani, Maziar
dc.contributor.authorMohd Ripin, Zaidi
dc.date.accessioned2023-07-10T04:09:36Z
dc.date.available2023-07-10T04:09:36Z
dc.date.issued2023-06-29
dc.description.abstract4D printing has emerged as a transformative technology in the field of biomedical engineering, offering the potential for dynamic, stimuli-responsive structures with applications in tissue engineering, drug delivery, medical devices, and diagnostics. This review paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the advancements, challenges, and future directions of 4D printing in biomedical engineering. We discuss the development of smart materials, including stimuli-responsive polymers, shape-memory materials, and bio-inks, as well as the various fabrication techniques employed, such as direct-write assembly, stereolithography, and multi-material jetting. Despite the promising advances, several challenges persist, including material limitations related to biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and degradation rates; fabrication complexities arising from the integration of multiple materials, resolution and accuracy, and scalability; and regulatory and ethical considerations surrounding safety and efficacy. As we explore the future directions for 4D printing, we emphasise the need for material innovations, fabrication advancements, and emerging applications such as personalised medicine, nanomedicine, and bioelectronic devices. Interdisciplinary research and collaboration between material science, biology, engineering, regulatory agencies, and industry are essential for overcoming challenges and realising the full potential of 4D printing in the biomedical engineering landscape.
dc.identifier.citationJournal of Functional Biomaterials, ISSN: 2079-4983 (Print); 2079-4983 (Online), MDPI AG, 14(7), 347-347. doi: 10.3390/jfb14070347
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/jfb14070347
dc.identifier.issn2079-4983
dc.identifier.issn2079-4983
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10292/16402
dc.languageen
dc.publisherMDPI AG
dc.relation.urihttps://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/14/7/347
dc.rights.accessrightsOpenAccess
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subject40 Engineering
dc.subject4003 Biomedical Engineering
dc.subjectBioengineering
dc.subjectGeneric health relevance
dc.subject0903 Biomedical Engineering
dc.subject1004 Medical Biotechnology
dc.subject4003 Biomedical engineering
dc.subject4018 Nanotechnology
dc.title4D Printing in Biomedical Engineering: Advancements, Challenges, and Future Directions
dc.typeJournal Article
pubs.elements-id512843
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