The Role of Inertia for Grid Flexibility Under High Penetration of Variable Renewables - A Review of Challenges and Solutions

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aut.filerelease.date2023-05-24
aut.relation.journalRenewable and Sustainable Energy Reviewsen_NZ
aut.researcherLie, Tek
dc.contributor.authorMakolo, Pen_NZ
dc.contributor.authorZamora, Ren_NZ
dc.contributor.authorLie, TTen_NZ
dc.date.accessioned2021-05-28T02:50:46Z
dc.date.available2021-05-28T02:50:46Z
dc.date.copyright2021-05-24en_NZ
dc.date.issued2021-05-24en_NZ
dc.description.abstractSeveral studies show that grid-integrated renewable energy (RE) sources have the potential to replace conventional synchronous generators in the network. This means the grid will experience low conventional inertia that is currently provided by synchronous generators. Low, unpredictable and time-changing inertia in the power system, as a result of high penetration of non-synchronous RE sources, can cause rapid frequency oscillations. The rapid and unpredictable frequency oscillations are the major source of stability challenges in the power system. Therefore, this research presents a comprehensive literature survey on the role of inertia for grid flexibility under high penetration of non-synchronous RE sources to the power system. As inertia is becoming a time-changing quantity, inertia estimation techniques have been gaining popularity as solutions to stability challenges faced by the power system. Related to time-changing inertia, the following are discussed in this survey research. First, synthetic inertia provision in the network and the need for inertia estimation are intensively discussed. Second, the importance of prior knowledge of the system inertia, which will help operators to apply suitable control strategies to mitigate stability challenges, is also addressed. Third, the significance of co-existence, coordination and optimization of both conventional synchronous generator's inertia and synthetic inertia, as a key feature towards reliable and flexible grid in low inertia environment, are also emphasized. Finally, technical challenges, key issues, and further research needs are highlighted.
dc.identifier.citationRenewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 147, 111223.
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.rser.2021.111223en_NZ
dc.identifier.issn1364-0321en_NZ
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10292/14220
dc.publisherElsevieren_NZ
dc.relation.urihttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032121005104?via%3Dihub
dc.rightsCopyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. This is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in (see Citation). Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. The definitive version was published in (see Citation). The original publication is available at (see Publisher's Version) .
dc.rights.accessrightsOpenAccessen_NZ
dc.subjectVirtual/synthetic inertia; Inertia estimation; Frequency response; Inertia monitoring; Rate of change of frequency; Renewable energy sources; Virtual synchronous generator
dc.titleThe Role of Inertia for Grid Flexibility Under High Penetration of Variable Renewables - A Review of Challenges and Solutionsen_NZ
dc.typeJournal Article
pubs.elements-id430640
pubs.organisational-data/AUT
pubs.organisational-data/AUT/Faculty of Design & Creative Technologies
pubs.organisational-data/AUT/Faculty of Design & Creative Technologies/Faculty Central
pubs.organisational-data/AUT/Faculty of Design & Creative Technologies/School of Engineering, Computer & Mathematical Sciences
pubs.organisational-data/AUT/Faculty of Design & Creative Technologies/School of Engineering, Computer & Mathematical Sciences/Centre for Energy & Power Engineering
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