Grid Efficiency and Power Quality Improvements in Rooftop Solar EV Charging Stations Using Smart Battery Management and Advanced DC-to-DC Converters

Abstract

<jats:p>The adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) is a promising strategy for reducing emissions and promoting sustainable mobility. The increasing adoption of EVs has created a demand for efficient and sustainable charging infrastructure. The integration of rooftop solar-powered EV charging stations into distribution networks is a promising solution for reducing carbon emissions and improving grid efficiency. This integration also introduces challenges, such as power quality issues, grid instability, and the impact of environmental factors on solar generation. This study proposes a novel system that integrates a smart control algorithm for a central battery management system (CBMS) with advanced bidirectional DC-DC converters for optimised power distribution. Unlike existing systems that focus on individual components, this study combines real-time environmental monitoring with adaptive power management algorithms to handle variations in generation owing to solar irradiance, temperature, and shading, and ensure maximum power harvesting. This study also presents the role of the DC-to-DC converter integrated with a smart charging control and CBMS in smart grid-enabled EV charging station. The proposed system was validated using MATLAB 2025b Simulink simulations. This study demonstrates an improvement in overall grid stability and highlights the potential of DC-DC converter technologies for smart grid applications and decarbonisation efforts.</jats:p>