Dust accumulation substantially impacts the efficiency and thermal behavior of photovoltaic (PV) modules. Addressing a current knowledge gap, this article presents a comprehensive assessment of the impact of dust on PV module temperature. This endeavor includes a combination of systematic experiments with a novel developed mathematical model that uniquely incorporates key dust parameters such as emissivity, absorbance, and transmittance. The model enhances accuracy in estimating PV module temperature compared to existing mathematical models, which often overlook heat absorption due to dust and specific dust characteristics. These parameters are measured using specialized devices to ensure realistic values. Outdoor experiments are conducted to validate the model's predictions under real weather conditions, further highlighting the importance of accurate PV temperature estimation in dusty environments. Additionally, a comparative analysis is performed with existing mathematical models for PV temperature prediction, demonstrating the superior performance of the proposed model, which achieves the lowest average prediction error (mean absolute error of 1.4). These findings provide valuable insights into the estimation of PV temperature in dusty conditions, bridging the gap between theoretical modeling and practical application and underscoring the novelty and innovation introduced in this research.