Mitigating GFM-induced Battery Stress with a VDCM-controlled Hybrid Energy Storage
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Peykarporsan, Rasool
Rabbi, Ata E
Lie, Tek Tjing
Stommel, Martin
Watson, Jeremy
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IEEE
Abstract
In a power system dominated by inverter-based resources (IBRs), maintaining system stability is challenging without the support of an energy storage system. This study proposes a degradation-aware voltage-dependent current management (VDCM) battery–supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system (HESS). The hybrid configuration leverages the high energy density of batteries and the fast response and high-power density of supercapacitors to manage both moderate and rapid power fluctuations. By shifting fast charge–discharge activities to the supercapacitor, the system reduces stress on the battery and improves its ability to withstand abrupt frequency fluctuations. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed control strategy not only effectively regulates voltage and frequency variations in the power system but also minimizes battery degradation while enabling grid-forming capabilities.
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Keywords
34 Chemical Sciences, 3406 Physical Chemistry, 40 Engineering, 4008 Electrical Engineering, 4009 Electronics, Sensors and Digital Hardware, 4016 Materials Engineering, 7 Affordable and Clean Energy, Inverter-Based Resources, Battery-SuperCapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage, Grid-Forming Converter, Battery Degradation
Source
Proceedings of the 2026 IEEE PES International Meeting (PES IM), 18-21 January 2026, Hong Kong. ISBN: 979-8-3315-6645-6
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This is the Authors' Accepted Manuscript of a paper presented at the 2026 IEEE PES International Meeting (PES IM). The final, published version is available at (see Publisher's version).