Deafblindness in Aotearoa, New Zealand: Prevalence and Equity Challenges From a Cross-sectional Census Analysis

Abstract

Deafblindness or difficulty seeing and hearing even with correction or hearing aids affects an estimated 7.4% (about 295 000) of New Zealanders, with prevalence rising sharply among older adults. Analysis of 2023 Census data using the Washington Group Short Set (WGSS) highlights not only the scale of this issue but also its inequitable distribution: gender-diverse people, Māori, Pacific peoples, and rural communities experience higher rates and earlier onset of sensory difficulties. However, the WGSS’s Western, individualistic framing often undercounts deafblindness in Indigenous and collectivist cultures, risking invisibility for those most affected. Geographic disparities further compound inequity, with rural regions facing greater barriers to care. These findings reveal that current measurement tools and policies may not fully capture the lived realities of deafblind people, limiting access to services and perpetuating disadvantage. Addressing these gaps requires culturally responsive data collection, co-design with affected communities, and integrated, holistic support systems. Recognising deafblindness as a distinct disability and aligning policy with Te Tiriti o Waitangi and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities are essential steps towards equity and inclusion.