Process-Constrained H₂-to-NH₃ Transition Boundary for Rural Microgrids
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Sun, Yaling
Che, Yanbo
Lie, Tek Tjing
Liao, Yanan
Chen, Xinge
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Elsevier BV
Abstract
Rural renewable microgrids can convert surplus wind-turbine (WT) and photovoltaic (PV) power into H₂ for re-electrification or NH₃ synthesis. However, the boundary governing H₂ allocation between microgrid balancing and NH₃ synthesis remains unclear. This study proposes a process-aware H₂-to-NH₃ transition boundary integrating sustained WT-PV surplus, hydrogen storage tank (HST) reserve, ammonia storage tank (AST) headroom, local NH₃ demand, and Haber-Bosch (HB) operating limits. In the deterministic 8760-h simulation, Case III reduces WT-PV curtailment to 1.18% and supplies 50.25% of local NH₃ demand. Relative to Case II, it also lowers net operating cost and equivalent CO₂ emissions by 1.61% and 0.35%, respectively. These results indicate the operational value of jointly considering microgrid states and process constraints in H₂ allocation.
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Keywords
03 Chemical Sciences, 09 Engineering, Energy, 34 Chemical sciences, 40 Engineering, H₂-to-NH₃ transition, Rural microgrid, Renewable H₂, Green NH₃, Renewable curtailment
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International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, ISSN: 0360-3199 (Print), Elsevier BV, 268, 157175-157175. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.157175
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This is the Author's Accepted Manuscript of an article published in the International Journal of Hydrogen Energy © 2026 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies. The publisher's version can be found at (see Publisher's version).