Data-Driven Parameter Identification of Synchronous Generators: A Three-Stage Framework with State Consistency and Grid Decoupling
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Peykarporsan, Rasool
Govinda Waduge, Tharuka
Lie, Tek Tjing
Stommel, Martin
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Journal Article
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MDPI AG
Abstract
As modern power systems grow increasingly complex, there is a pressing need for stability analysis methods capable of handling nonlinear dynamics while providing physically meaningful and reliable stability indices. Port-Hamiltonian (PH) frameworks have emerged as strong candidates in this regard, offering inherently stable formulations, energy-consistent representations, and modular plug-and-play scalability. However, the practical deployment of PH-based stability analysis remains hindered by the absence of reliable, high-fidelity parameter identification methods that rely on sensor measurements to capture system dynamics while remaining compatible with PH model structures. This paper addresses that gap by proposing a comprehensive three-stage data-driven identification framework for PH modeling of synchronous generators—the central dynamic component of any power system. While the IEEE Standard 115 provides established procedures for transient parameter identification, it exhibits fundamental limitations when applied to PH modeling, including single-scenario identifiability constraints, noise-sensitive derivative-based formulations that amplify sensor measurement errors, and the inability to decouple generator-internal damping from grid contributions. The proposed framework resolves these limitations through multi-scenario excitation using sensor-acquired voltage and current signals, derivative-free state consistency optimization, and physics-based regularization that enforces PH structure preservation. Complete identification of eight key parameters (H, D, Xd, Xq, Xd′, Xq′, Tdo′, Tqo′) is achieved with errors ranging from 1.26% to 9.10%, and validation confirms RMS rotor angle errors below 1.2° and speed errors below 0.15%, demonstrating suitability for transient stability analysis, passivity-based control design, and oscillation damping assessment.Description
Keywords
0301 Analytical Chemistry, 0502 Environmental Science and Management, 0602 Ecology, 0805 Distributed Computing, 0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Analytical Chemistry, 3103 Ecology, 4008 Electrical engineering, 4009 Electronics, sensors and digital hardware, 4104 Environmental management, 4606 Distributed computing and systems software, port-Hamiltonian systems, parameter identification, data-driven identification, physics-based regularization, energy-consistent modeling, Lyapunov stability, synchronous generator modeling, power system dynamics
Source
Sensors, ISSN: 1424-8220 (Print); 1424-8220 (Online), MDPI AG, 26(7), 2024-2024. doi: 10.3390/s26072024
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© 2026 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.