Rehabilitation of Upper Limb Motor Impairment in Stroke: A Narrative Review on the Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Economic Statistics of Stroke and State of the Art Therapies

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aut.relation.endpage190
aut.relation.issue2en_NZ
aut.relation.journalHealthcareen_NZ
aut.relation.startpage190
aut.relation.volume10en_NZ
aut.researcherShaikh, Nusratnaaz
dc.contributor.authorAnwer, Sen_NZ
dc.contributor.authorWaris, Aen_NZ
dc.contributor.authorGilani, SOen_NZ
dc.contributor.authorIqbal, Jen_NZ
dc.contributor.authorShaikh, Nen_NZ
dc.contributor.authorPujari, ANen_NZ
dc.contributor.authorNiazi, IKen_NZ
dc.date.accessioned2022-01-24T20:44:09Z
dc.date.available2022-01-24T20:44:09Z
dc.description.abstractStroke has been one of the leading causes of disability worldwide and is still a social health issue. Keeping in view the importance of physical rehabilitation of stroke patients, an analytical review has been compiled in which different therapies have been reviewed for their effectiveness, such as functional electric stimulation (FES), noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) including transcranial direct current stimulation (t-DCS) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (t-MS), invasive epidural cortical stimulation, virtual reality (VR) rehabilitation, task-oriented therapy, robot-assisted training, tele rehabilitation, and cerebral plasticity for the rehabilitation of upper extremity motor impairment. New therapeutic rehabilitation techniques are also being investigated, such as VR. This literature review mainly focuses on the randomized controlled studies, reviews, and statistical meta-analyses associated with motor rehabilitation after stroke. Moreover, with the increasing prevalence rate and the adverse socio-economic consequences of stroke, a statistical analysis covering its economic factors such as treatment, medication and post-stroke care services, and risk factors (modifiable and non-modifiable) have also been discussed. This review suggests that if the prevalence rate of the disease remains persistent, a considerable increase in the stroke population is expected by 2025, causing a substantial economic burden on society, as the survival rate of stroke is high compared to other diseases. Compared to all the other therapies, VR has now emerged as the modern approach towards rehabilitation motor activity of impaired limbs. A range of randomized controlled studies and experimental trials were reviewed to analyse the effectiveness of VR as a rehabilitative treatment with considerable satisfactory results. However, more clinical controlled trials are required to establish a strong evidence base for VR to be widely accepted as a preferred rehabilitation therapy for stroke.en_NZ
dc.identifier.citationHealthcare, 10(2), 190. doi:10.3390/healthcare10020190
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/healthcare10020190en_NZ
dc.identifier.issn2227-9032en_NZ
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10292/14850
dc.languageenen_NZ
dc.publisherMDPI AGen_NZ
dc.relation.urihttps://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/10/2/190
dc.rights© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/
dc.rights.accessrightsOpenAccessen_NZ
dc.subjectStroke; Rehabilitation; Tele rehabilitation; Electric stimulation; Virtual reality (VR); Epidural; NIBS; Risk factors; Modifiable; Non-modifiable
dc.titleRehabilitation of Upper Limb Motor Impairment in Stroke: A Narrative Review on the Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Economic Statistics of Stroke and State of the Art Therapiesen_NZ
dc.typeJournal Article
pubs.elements-id447753
pubs.organisational-data/AUT
pubs.organisational-data/AUT/Faculty of Health & Environmental Science
pubs.organisational-data/AUT/Faculty of Health & Environmental Science/School of Clinical Sciences
pubs.organisational-data/AUT/Faculty of Health & Environmental Science/School of Clinical Sciences/Physiotherapy Department
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