Wavelet Packet Entropy Analysis for Detecting Humidity-induced Interference in Smart Gas Sensors
Date
Authors
Xiong, Pan
Yuan, Xiaowen
Lu, Zhixing
Wang, Yinglin
Li, Xue Jun
Supervisor
Item type
Journal Article
Degree name
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Abstract
Humidity significantly affects the accuracy and stability of smart gas sensors by altering response characteristics, introducing signal drift, and masking target gas signals, which poses challenges for reliable gas detection under variable environmental conditions. Consequently, humidity interference remains a key bottleneck for dependable gas sensing in resource-constrained embedded and wearable Internet of Things (IoT) systems. Although this study employs simulated synthetic datasets, all simulation parameters were carefully benchmarked against empirical sensor characteristics reported in existing literature, ensuring high fidelity to real-world behavior. This paper proposes a physics-informed computational framework based on Wavelet Packet Modal Entropy (WPME) to detect humidity-induced signal degradation without hardware augmentation and establishes a quadratic entropy-humidity model (WPME = 0.059A² − 0.119A + 0.094) derived from simulated NH₃ signals under 30%~86% RH. This model identifies a critical transition at 62.0% RH, which marks the shift from monolayer adsorption to capillary condensation. Below this threshold, entropy decreases by about 0.05 bits per 10% RH, while above it, the rate accelerates to 0.12 bits per 10% RH. The method achieves 98.26% detection accuracy (with only 1.47% degradation under extreme humidity) with a 0.16 ms response time, which demonstrates the viability of WPME as a fast, hardware-free solution for real-time humidity compensation in smart gas sensors.Description
Keywords
40 Engineering, 0205 Optical Physics, 0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 0913 Mechanical Engineering, Analytical Chemistry, 40 Engineering, Smart sensor systems, humidity interference, wavelet packet entropy, computational modelling, transition threshold detection, adsorption kinetics
Source
IEEE Sensors Journal, ISSN: 1530-437X (Print); 1558-1748 (Online), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), PP(99), 1-1. doi: 10.1109/jsen.2026.3673595
Publisher's version
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This is the Author's Accepted Manuscript of an article published in IEEE Sensors Journal. The Version of Record will be available at DOI: 10.1109/jsen.2026.3673595