A Stacked Substrate-Integrated Waveguide-Based Pyramidal Horn Antenna for Terahertz Communications
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Paudel, Biswash
Li, Xue Jun
Seet, Boon-Chong
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MDPI AG
Abstract
The terahertz (THz) band offers ultra-wide bandwidth for next-generation high-speed wireless communication systems. However, achieving compact, high-gain, and beam-symmetric THz antennas remains challenging due to fabrication and propagation constraints. This paper presents a simulation-based design and optimization of a stacked substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) pyramidal horn antenna achieving equal half-power beamwidths (HPBWs) in both E- and H-planes. The design employs vertically stacked SIW layers coupled through optimized slot apertures to ensure dominant TE10 mode propagation with minimal reflection. Using full-wave electromagnetic simulations, the effects of layer number, dielectric loading, amplitude tapering, and phase distribution are systematically analyzed. The optimized five-layer configuration exhibits 10 dBi gain, 41° HPBW, and sidelobe levels around −3.2 dB at 210 GHz. This framework aims to develop high-performance, beam-symmetric THz SIW antennas compatible with standard LTCC/PCB technologies.
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4006 Communications Engineering, 40 Engineering, 4008 Electrical Engineering, 4009 Electronics, Sensors and Digital Hardware, 0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering, terahertz band, horn antenna, substrate-integrated waveguide, beam symmetry, multi-layered
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Electronics, ISSN: 1450-5843 (Print); 2079-9292 (Online), MDPI AG, 14(23), 4780-4780. doi: 10.3390/electronics14234780
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© 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.
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Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as © 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.