A Comprehensive Survey of NO₂ Gas Sensors: Functional Materials, Recent Advances, Present Challenges, and Future Directions
Date
Authors
Akindoyo, John Olabode
Yuan, Xiaowen
Li, Xue Jun
Supervisor
Item type
Journal Article
Degree name
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Abstract
Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), a major atmospheric pollutant, poses significant risks to human health even at low concentrations and exerts similarly harmful effects on plants and terrestrial ecosystems. Therefore, the real-time, accurate and reliable monitoring of NO₂ concentrations in the atmosphere is very important. NO₂ gas sensors translate the concentration of NO₂ at any given time into analysable signals. So, different materials/technologies have been explored to develop NO₂ sensors. However, there is an increasing global awareness about the possible connections between technological advances, waste generation, and environmental pollution. Moreover, research and technological advancements have recently tilted towards the utilisation of artificial intelligence to develop smart devices. Therefore, this paper reviews the different functional materials in NO₂ sensors, including their advantages and limitations. Likewise, the techniques/technologies for the fabrication of NO₂ gas sensors are discussed. Moreover, recent developments that support sustainability, circularity, or end-of-life composability are presented. Furthermore, the contemporary trend of research towards fast and seamless integration of new generation NO₂ gas sensors with AI and the use of IoT for remote data collection is included in this review. Finally, future perspectives on the manufacture of smart, durable, mechanical, and environmentally robust NO₂ gas sensors are discussed.Description
Keywords
40 Engineering, 4016 Materials Engineering, Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence, 4016 Materials engineering, NO₂ gas sensors, Smart sensors, Heterostructures, Nanocomposite hybrids
Source
Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices, ISSN: 2468-2179 (Print), Elsevier BV, 11(2), 101164-101164. doi: 10.1016/j.jsamd.2026.101164
Publisher's version
Rights statement
© 2026 Vietnam National University, Hanoi. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).