An event-based resource management framework for distributed decision-making in decentralized virtual power plants
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Zhang, J
Seet, B-C
Lie, T
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MDPI
Abstract
The Smart Grid incorporates advanced information and communication technologies (ICTs)
in power systems, and is characterized by high penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs).
Whether it is the nation-wide power grid or a single residential building, the energy management
involves different types of resources that often depend on and influence each other. The concept of
virtual power plant (VPP) has been proposed to represent the aggregation of energy resources in
the electricity market, and distributed decision-making (DDM) plays a vital role in VPP due to its
complex nature. This paper proposes a framework for managing different resource types of relevance
to energy management for decentralized VPP. The framework views VPP as a hierarchical structure
and abstracts energy consumption/generation as contractual resources, i.e., contractual offerings
to curtail load/supply energy, from third party VPP participants for DDM. The proposed resource
models, event-based approach to decision making, multi-agent system and ontology implementation
of the framework are presented in detail. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is then
demonstrated through an application to a simulated campus VPP with real building energy data.
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Keywords
Resource management framework; Distributed decision-making; Virtual power plant; Smart grid
Source
Energies 2016, 9, 595; doi:10.3390/en9080595
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© 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access
article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution
(CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).