A Review of In Vitro and In Silico Swallowing Simulators: Design and Applications
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Duanmu, Zhonghan
Ali, Sherine JV
Allen, Jacqueline
Cheng, Leo K
Stommel, Martin
Xu, Weiliang
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Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Abstract
Swallowing is a primary and complex behaviour that transports food and drink from the oral cavity, through the pharynx and oesophagus, into the stomach at an appropriate rate and speed. To understand this sophisticated behaviour, a tremendous amount of research has been carried out by utilising the in vivo approach, which is often challenging to perform, poses a risk to the subjects if interventions are undertaken and are seldom able to control for confounding factors. In contrast, in silico (computational) and in vitro (instrumental) methods offer an alternate insight into the process of the human swallowing system. However, the appropriateness of the design and application of these methods have not been formally evaluated. The purpose of this review is to investigate and evaluate the state of the art of in vitro and in silico swallowing simulators, focusing on the evaluation of their mechanical or computational designs in comparison to the corresponding swallowing mechanisms during various phases of swallowing (oral phase, pharyngeal phase and esophageal phase). Additionally, the potential of the simulators is also discussed in various areas of applications, including the study of swallowing impairments, swallowing medications, food process design and dysphagia management. We also address current limitations and recommendations for the future development of existing simulators.
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40 Engineering, 4003 Biomedical Engineering, 46 Information and Computing Sciences, 4009 Electronics, Sensors and Digital Hardware, 4603 Computer Vision and Multimedia Computation, Nutrition, Dental/Oral and Craniofacial Disease, Digestive Diseases, Oral and gastrointestinal, 0801 Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing, 0903 Biomedical Engineering, 0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Biomedical Engineering
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IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, ISSN: 0018-9294 (Print); 0018-9294 (Online), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 71(7), 2042-2057. doi: 10.1109/TBME.2024.3360893
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Open access. CC-BY. Under a Creative Commons License.
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Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as Open access. CC-BY. Under a Creative Commons License.