Global, Regional, and National Burden of Nontraumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: The Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

GBD 2021 Global Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Risk Factors Collaborators; Rautalin, Ilari; Volovici, Victor; Stark, Benjamin A; Johnson, Catherine O; Kaprio, Jaakko; Korja, Miikka; Krishnamurthi, Rita; Nair, Balakrishnan Sukumaran; Ranta, Annemarei; Rinkel, Gabriel JE; Vergouwen, Mervyn DI; Abate, Yohannes H; Abbastabar, Hedayat; Abd-Allah, Foad; Abdelkader, Atef; Abdi, Parsa; Abdollahi, Arash; Abdullahi, Auwal; Abiodun, Olugbenga Olusola; Aboagye, Richard Gyan; Abouzid, Mohamed; Abtahi, Dariush; Abu Rumeileh, Samir; Abualhasan, Ahmed; Abualruz, Hasan; Abukhadijah, Hana J; Abu-Zaid, Ahmed; Adamu, Lawan Hassan; Addo, Isaac Yeboah; Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji; Adegboye, Oyelola A; Adra, Saryia; Adzigbli, Leticia Akua; Agyemang-Duah, Williams; Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku; Ahmad, Aqeel; Ahmad, Danish; Ahmadzade, Amir Mahmoud; Ahmed, Ali; Ahmed, Haroon; Ahmed, Syed Anees; Aji, Budi; Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed; Al-Ajlouni, Yazan; Al-Aly, Ziyad; Albashtawy, Mohammed; Ali, Mohammed Usman; Alif, Sheikh Mohammad; Alimohamadi, Yousef; Aljunid, Syed Mohamed; Alomari, Mahmoud A; Alrawashdeh, Ahmad; Alsabri, Mohammed A; Salman, Rustam Al-Shahi; Altaf, Awais; Al-Tammemi, Alaa B; Alvis-Guzman, Nelson; Alwafi, Hassan; Al-Wardat, Mohammad; Al-Worafi, Yaser Mohammed; Aly, Hany; Alyahya, Mohammad Sharif Ibrahim; Alzoubi, Karem H; Amani, Reza; Amin, Tarek Tawfik; Amindarolzarbi, Alireza; Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi; Anderlini, Deanna; Angappan, Dhanalakshmi; Anil, Abhishek; Anuoluwa, Boluwatife Stephen; Anwar, Saleha; Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward; Apostol, Geminn Louis Carace; Arabloo, Jalal; Areda, Demelash; Ärnlöv, Johan; Artamonov, Anton A; Artanti, Kurnia Dwi; Arumugam, Ashokan; Aryan, Zahra; Asghari-Jafarabadi, Mohammad; Ashemo, Mubarek Yesse; Ashraf, Tahira; Athar, Mohammad; Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin; Aujayeb, Avinash; Awotidebe, Adedapo Wasiu; Azadnajafabad, Sina; Aziz, Shahkaar; Azzam, Ahmed Y; Babu, Giridhara Rathnaiah; Bagheri, Nasser; Bahrami Taghanaki, Pegah; Bahramian, Saeed; Bai, Ruhai; Baig, Atif Amin; Bako, Abdulaziz T; Baltatu, Ovidiu Constantin; Bam, Kiran; Banach, Maciej; Bandyopadhyay, Soham; Banik, Biswajit; Bardhan, Mainak; Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn; Bärnighausen, Till Winfried; Barqawi, Hiba Jawdat; Barua, Lingkan; Bastan, Mohammad-Mahdi; Basu, Sanjay; Bell, Shelly L; Bensenor, Isabela M; Berhie, Alemshet Yirga; Beyene, Kebede A; Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth; Bhaskar, Sonu; Bhat, Ajay Nagesh; Bhat, Vivek; Bhatti, Gurjit Kaur; Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh; Bijani, Ali; Bikbov, Boris; Birhan, Mekuriaw Mesfin; Birhanu, Mulugeta M; Bitra, Veera R; Boloor, Archith; Borhany, Hamed; Breitner, Susanne; Brenner, Hermann; Bugiardini, Raffaele; Bulamu, Norma B; Butt, Zahid A; Cabral, Lucas Scotta; Caetano Dos Santos, Florentino Luciano; Calina, Daniela; Cámera, Luis Alberto; Campos, Luciana Aparecida; Campos-Nonato, Ismael; Capodici, Angelo; Carvalho, Felix; Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A; Catapano, Alberico L; Cegolon, Luca; Chadwick, Joshua; Chakraborty, Chiranjib; Chakraborty, Promit Ananyo; Chakraborty, Sandip; Chandika, Rama Mohan; Chanie, Gashaw Sisay; Chattu, Vijay Kumar; Chaudhary, Anis Ahmad; Chi, Gerald; Chichagi, Fatemeh; Ching, Patrick R; Chopra, Hitesh; Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan; Chowdhury, Enayet Karim; Chu, Dinh-Toi; Chung, Sheng-Chia; Columbus, Alyssa; Criqui, Michael H; da Silva, Alanna Gomes; Dabbagh Ohadi, Mohammad Amin; Dadras, Omid; Dai, Xiaochen; Dalal, Koustuv; Dalli, Lachlan L; D'Amico, Emanuele; Dashti, Mohsen; Davletov, Kairat; De la Cruz-Góngora, Vanessa; Debopadhaya, Shayom; Delgado-Enciso, Ivan; Derviševic, Emina; Devanbu, Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan; Dewan, Syed Masudur Rahman; Dhane, Amol S; Dibas, Mahmoud; Do, Thanh Chi; Do, Thao Huynh Phuong; Dohare, Sushil; Doheim, Mohamed Fahmy; Dokova, Klara Georgieva; Dongarwar, Deepa; D'Oria, Mario; Doshi, Ojas Prakashbhai; Doshi, Rajkumar Prakashbhai; Dowou, Robert Kokou; Dsouza, Haneil Larson; Dutta, Siddhartha; Dziedzic, Arkadiusz Marian; E'mar, Abdel Rahman; Edvardsson, David; Efendi, Defi; Efendi, Ferry; El Nahas, Nevine; Elgendy, Islam Y; Elhadi, Muhammed; Eltaha, Chadi; Eltahir, Mohd Elmagzoub; Emeto, Theophilus I; Fabin, Natalia; Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis; Fahim, Ayesha; Fakhradiyev, Ildar Ravisovich; Fares, Jawad; Faris, Pawan Sirwan; Fauk, Nelsensius Klau; Fazylov, Timur; Fekadu, Ginenus; Ferreira, Nuno; Fetensa, Getahun; Fischer, Florian; Foschi, Matteo; Fridayani, Ni Kadek Yuni; Gaipov, Abduzhappar; Gajjar, Avi A; Gandhi, Aravind P; Ganesan, Balasankar; Garg, Ravindra Kumar; Gebregergis, Miglas Welay; Gebrehiwot, Mesfin; Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru; Getie, Molla; Ghadimi, Delaram J; Ghadirian, Fataneh; Ghahramani, Sulmaz; Ghasemzadeh, Afsaneh; Ghazy, Ramy Mohamed; Gholamalizadeh, Maryam; Ghozy, Sherief; Gil, Artyom Urievich; Gilani, Jaleed Ahmed; Gnedovskaya, Elena V; Goleij, Pouya; Goulart, Alessandra C; Goulart, Barbara Niegia Garcia; Guan, Shi-Yang; Gupta, Sapna; Habibzadeh, Farrokh; Hadei, Mostafa; Hadi, Najah R; Hamidi, Samer; Hanifi, Nasrin; Hankey, Graeme J; Harlianto, Netanja I; Haro, Josep Maria; Hasan, Faizul; Hasani, Hamidreza; Hasnain, Md Saquib; Hassan Zadeh Tabatabaei, Mahgol Sadat; Haubold, Johannes; Havmoeller, Rasmus J; Hay, Simon I; Hbid, Youssef; Heidari, Golnaz; Heidari, Mohammad; Hemmati, Mehdi; Hiraike, Yuta; Hoan, Nguyen Quoc; Holla, Ramesh; Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi; Hostiuc, Sorin; Huang, Junjie; Huynh, Hong-Han; Hwang, Bing-Fang; Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel; Ikeda, Nayu; Ikiroma, Adalia; Ilaghi, Mehran; Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen; Ilic, Irena M; Ilic, Milena D; Islam, Md Rabiul; Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah; Iso, Hiroyasu; Isola, Gaetano; Iwagami, Masao; Jacob, Louis; Jafarzadeh, Abdollah; Jain, Akhil; Jairoun, Ammar Abdulrahman; Jakovljevic, Mihajlo; Jatau, Abubakar Ibrahim; Jawaid, Talha; Jayapal, Sathish Kumar; Jonas, Jost B; Joseph, Nitin; Jürisson, Mikk; Kadashetti, Vidya; Kalani, Rizwan; Kamal, Vineet Kumar; Kamireddy, Arun; Kanchan, Tanuj; Kandel, Himal; Karami, Jafar; Karaye, Ibraheem M; Karimi, Yeganeh; Karimi Behnagh, Arman; Kashoo, Faizan Zaffar; Kayode, Gbenga A; Kazemi, Foad; Kesse-Guyot, Emmanuelle; Khader, Yousef Saleh; Khaing, Inn Kynn; Khan, Fayaz; Khan, Mohammad Jobair; Khatatbeh, Haitham; Khatatbeh, Moawiah Mohammad; Khayat Kashani, Hamid Reza; Kheirallah, Khalid A; Khidri, Feriha Fatima; Khormali, Moein; Khosla, Atulya Aman; Kim, Kwanghyun; Kim, Yun Jin; Kisa, Adnan; Kisa, Sezer; Kivimäki, Mika; Kolahi, Ali-Asghar; Kompani, Farzad; Korzh, Oleksii; Kostev, Karel; Kothari, Nikhil; Krishan, Kewal; Krishna, Varun; Krishnamoorthy, Vijay; Kuddus, Mohammed; Kulimbet, Mukhtar; Kunutsor, Setor K; Kurniasari, Maria Dyah; Kusuma, Dian; Kytö, Ville; La Vecchia, Carlo; Lahariya, Chandrakant; Lai, Daphne Teck Ching; Lai, Hanpeng; Laksono, Tri; Lallukka, Tea; Latief, Kamaluddin; Latifinaibin, Kaveh; Le, Nhi Huu Hanh; Le, Thao Thi Thu; Lee, Munjae; Lee, Seung Won; Lee, Wei-Chen; Lee, Yo Han; Lenzi, Jacopo; Leonardi, Matilde; Li, Ming-Chieh; Li, Xiaopan; Lim, Stephen S; Lin, Jialing; Liu, Xuefeng; Lohner, Valerie; Lorenzovici, László; Lotufo, Paulo A; Lucchetti, Giancarlo; Lusk, Jay B; Lutzky Saute, Ricardo; M Amin, Hawraz Ibrahim; Malhotra, Armaan K; Malhotra, Kashish; Malik, Ahmad Azam; Malta, Deborah Carvalho; Mansournia, Mohammad Ali; Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni; Manu, Emmanuel; Marateb, Hamid Reza; Marino, Mirko; Maroufi, Seyed Farzad; Martinez-Piedra, Ramon; Martini, Santi; Martorell, Miquel; Marzo, Roy Rillera; Mathangasinghe, Yasith; Mathews, Elezebeth; Maugeri, Andrea; McPhail, Steven M; Mehmood, Asim; Mehndiratta, Man Mohan; Mehrabani-Zeinabad, Kamran; Menezes, Ritesh G; Meo, Sultan Ayoub; Meretoja, Atte; Mestrovic, Tomislav; Mettananda, Chamila Dinushi Kukulege; Miazgowski, Tomasz; Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sá, Ana Carolina; Minervini, Giuseppe; Minh, Le Huu Nhat; Mirica, Andreea; Mirrakhimov, Erkin M; Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, Mohammad; Mishra, Ajay Kumar; Mithra, Prasanna; Mohamed, Abdalla Z; Mohamed, Ahmed Ismail; Mohammad, Ameen Mosa; Mohammadi, Soheil; Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah; Mohammed, Shafiu; Mokdad, Ali H; Molinaro, Sabrina; Momani, Shaher; Moni, Mohammad Ali; Moodi Ghalibaf, AmirAli; Moradi, Maryam; Moradi, Yousef; Moraga, Paula; Morawska, Lidia; Msherghi, Ahmed; Munjal, Kavita; Murray, Christopher JL; Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman; Naik, Ganesh R; Najdaghi, Soroush; Nakhostin Ansari, Noureddin; Nargus, Shumaila; Davani, Delaram Narimani; Natto, Zuhair S; Nauman, Javaid; Nayak, Vinod C; Nazri-Panjaki, Athare; Negoi, Ruxandra Irina; Nematollahi, Soroush; Newton, Charles Richard James; Nguyen, Duc Hoang; Nguyen, Hau Thi Hien; Nguyen, Hien Quang; Nguyen, Phat Tuan; Nguyen, Van Thanh; Niazi, Robina Khan; Nigatu, Yeshambel T; Nikoobar, Ali; Nogueira de Sá, Antonio Tolentino; Nomura, Shuhei; Noubiap, Jean Jacques; Nugen, Fred; Nzoputam, Chimezie Igwegbe; Oancea, Bogdan; Oduro, Michael Safo; Ojo-Akosile, Tolulope R; Okati-Aliabad, Hassan; Okeke, Sylvester Reuben; Okekunle, Akinkunmi Paul; Olagunju, Andrew T; Olaiya, Muideen Tunbosun; Oliveira, Arão Belitardo; Oliveira, Gláucia Maria Moraes; Olorukooba, Abdulhakeem Abayomi; Olufadewa, Isaac Iyinoluwa; Ornello, Raffaele; Ortiz-Prado, Esteban; Osuagwu, Uchechukwu Levi; Ouyahia, Amel; Owolabi, Mayowa O; Ozair, Ahmad; P A, Mahesh Padukudru; Padron-Monedero, Alicia; Padubidri, Jagadish Rao; Panagiotakos, Demosthenes; Panos, Georgios D; Panos, Leonidas D; Pantazopoulos, Ioannis; Parikh, Romil R; Park, Seoyeon; Patel, Jay; Patel, Urvish K; Patoulias, Dimitrios; Pedersini, Paolo; Peprah, Emmanuel K; Pereira, Gavin; Perianayagam, Arokiasamy; Perico, Norberto; Perna, Simone; Petermann-Rocha, Fanny Emily; Philip, Anil K; Piradov, Michael A; Plotnikov, Evgenii; Polibin, Roman V; Postma, Maarten J; Pradhan, Jalandhar; Prasad, Manya; Puvvula, Jagadeesh; Qasim, Nameer Hashim; Qian, Gangzhen; Raggi, Alberto; Rahim, Fakher; Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa; Rahman, Mosiur; Rahman, Muhammad Aziz; Rahmani, Amir Masoud; Rahmanian, Mohammad; Rajaa, Sathish; Rajabpour Sanati, Ali; Rajpoot, Pushp Lata; Rajput, Prashant; Ramadan, Mahmoud Mohammed; Ramasamy, Shakthi Kumaran; Ramazanu, Sheena; Rane, Amey; Rashedi, Sina; Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi; Rathish, Devarajan; Rawaf, Salman; Razo, Christian; Reddy, Murali Mohan Rama Krishna; Redwan, Elrashdy; Remuzzi, Giuseppe; Rezaei, Nazila; Rezaei, Negar; Rezaeian, Mohsen; Rocha, Hermano Alexandre Lima; Rodriguez, Jefferson Antonio Buendia; Roever, Leonardo; Romoli, Michele; Romozzi, Marina; Ross, Allen Guy; Rout, Himanshu Sekhar; Roy, Nitai; Roy, Priyanka; Saad, Aly MA; Saadatian, Zahra; Sabour, Siamak; Sacco, Simona; Saddik, Basema Ahmad; Sadeghi, Erfan; Saeed, Usman; Saheb Sharif-Askari, Fatemeh; Sahebkar, Amirhossein; Sahoo, Pragyan Monalisa; Sajib, Md Refat Uz Zaman; Salaroli, Luciane B; Saleh, Mohamed A; Samodra, Yoseph Leonardo; Samuel, Vijaya Paul; Samy, Abdallah M; Santric-Milicevic, Milena M; Saravanan, Aswini; Sarkar, Tanmay; Sarode, Gargi Sachin; Sarode, Sachin C; Sartorius, Benn; Satpathy, Maheswar; Schlaich, Markus P; Schneider, Ione Jayce Ceola; Schuermans, Art; Selvaraj, Siddharthan; Senthilkumaran, Subramanian; Sepanlou, Sadaf G; Sethi, Yashendra; Seylani, Allen; Shaaban, Ahmed Nabil; Shafie, Mahan; Shahwan, Moyad Jamal; Shaikh, Masood Ali; Shaikh, Summaiya Zareen; Shamim, Muhammad Aaqib; Shamsi, Anas; Shamsutdinova, Alfiya; Shanawaz, Mohd; Shannawaz, Mohammed; Sharifan, Amin; Sharifi Rad, Javad; Sharma, Vishal; Shashamo, Bereket Beyene; Shetty, Mahabalesh; Shetty, Premalatha K; Shigematsu, Mika; Shittu, Aminu; Shiue, Ivy; Shlobin, Nathan A; Shorofi, Seyed Afshin; Siddig, Emmanuel Edwar; Singh, Baljinder; Singh, Paramdeep; Singh, Puneetpal; Singh, Surjit; Sobia, Farrukh; Solanki, Ranjan; Solanki, Shipra; Soraneh, Soroush; Spartalis, Michael; Srinivasamurthy, Suresh Kumar; Stanaway, Jeffrey D; Stanikzai, Muhammad Haroon; Starodubova, Antonina V; Sun, Jing; Sun, Zhong; Swain, Chandan Kumar; Szarpak, Lukasz; Tabaee Damavandi, Payam; Tabatabaei, Seyyed Mohammad; Tabatabaeizadeh, Seyed-Amir; Tabche, Celine; Taiba, Jabeen; Talaat, Iman M; Tamuzi, Jacques Lukenze; Tan, Ker-Kan; Temsah, Mohamad-Hani; Teramoto, Masayuki; Thakur, Ramna; Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman; Thayakaran, Rasiah; Thirunavukkarasu, Sathish; Ticoalu, Jansje Henny Vera; Tiwari, Krishna; Tonelli, Marcello; Topor-Madry, Roman; Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto; Tran, An Thien; Tran, Jasmine T; Tran, Thang Huu; Tran Minh Duc, Nguyen; Truelsen, Thomas Clement; Truyen, Thien Tan Tri Tai; Tsai, Daniel Hsiang-Te; Ullah, Atta; Unim, Brigid; Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran; Unsworth, Carolyn Anne; Usman, Jibrin Sammani; Vahdati, Sanaz; Vaithinathan, Asokan Govindaraj; Valizadeh, Rohollah; Van den Eynde, Jef; Varghese, Joe; Vasankari, Tommi Juhani; Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy; Vervoort, Dominique; Villafañe, Jorge Hugo; Vinayak, Manish; Vladimirov, Sergey Konstantinovitch; Wafa, Hatem A; Waheed, Yasir; Wahood, Waseem; Walde, Mandaras Tariku; Wang, Yanzhong; Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana; Willeit, Peter; Wolde, Asrat Arja; Wolfe, Charles DA; Wubie, Yihun Miskir; Xiao, Hong; Xu, Suowen; Xu, Xiaoyue; Yamagishi, Kazumasa; Yano, Yuichiro; Yarahmadi, Amir; Yaribeygi, Habib; Yaya, Sanni; Ye, Pengpeng; Yon, Dong Keon; Yonemoto, Naohiro; Yu, Chuanhua; Zanghì, Aurora; Zare, Iman; Zastrozhin, Michael; Zhang, Chen; Zhang, Yunquan; Zhang, Zhi-Jiang; Zhang, Zhiqiang; Zhao, Hanqing; Zhou, Shang Cheng; Zhumagaliuly, Abzal; Zia, Hafsa; Zielinska, Magdalena; Zyoud, Samer H; Roth, Gregory A; Feigin, Valery

doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2025.1522

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