Healing Through Whenua: Reconnecting Iwi to Ancestral Land for Collective Well-being

Abstract

This thesis explores how culturally informed architectural design may enable meaningful reconnection to ancestral whenua (land) and contribute to intergenerational healing and collective well-being. Focusing on the ancestral landscape of Rangiaowhia, situated approximately four kilometres east of Te Awamutu in the Waikato region of Aotearoa, New Zealand, the study examines how such reconnection may contribute to intergenerational healing and collective well-being. Following 160 years of displacement resulting from the Waikato invasion and subsequent raupatu (confiscation), the return of a small parcel of land through a gift from the Anglican Diocese represents a significant act of restorative justice and creates a rare opportunity to reestablish ahi kā (continuous occupation) and cultural presence.

Anchored in a kaupapa Māori (Māori approach) research framework and design-led methodology, the study draws on hui, kōrero (to speak) with knowledge holders, and site-based spatial exploration. It develops a staged marae-papakāinga (village) masterplan as a strategic vehicle for renewing whakapapa relationships, enabling everyday cultural practices, and restoring identity within the ancestral landscape.

The findings indicate that architectural design aligned with iwi (tribal) aspirations can materially support cultural reconnection by structuring spaces and patterns of occupation that reactivate tūrangawaewae (place where one has the right to stand) and strengthen whanaungatanga (relationship, kinship) across daily life. Reconnection to whenua emerges not only as a spatial or physical act, but as a cultural and relational process that can counter the intergenerational impacts of displacement, silence, and cultural fragmentation. The project also highlights the constraints faced during engagement, reflecting broader structural challenges iwi encounter in development processes.

This research contributes a culturally centred design proposition and methodological model for integrating Māori values into architectural practice. It affirms that papakāinga development, when guided by iwi aspirations and tikanga, can provide meaningful pathways toward healing, cultural revitalisation, and long-term well-being for Ngāti Apakura.