Miller, TLe De, LoicHore, K2026-03-022026-03-022026-02-26Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, ISSN: 0966-0879 (Print); 1468-5973 (Online), 34(1). doi: 10.1111/1468-5973.701340966-08791468-5973http://hdl.handle.net/10292/20710Disaster and emergency management (DEM) systems face increasing complexity, with overlapping hazards and diverse actors. Understanding how such systems function adaptively is essential for improving coherence and resilience. While DEM research recognises interdependence, less is known about how relational and structural dynamics interact to shape performance. This study addresses that gap by examining Aotearoa New Zealand's DEM system through a Constructivist Networked Grounded Theory (CNGT) approach, integrating complexity and network theory. Data from 40 participants revealed the system as a complex adaptive network - a dynamic web of relationships, roles, and feedback loops. Three interlinked themes emerged: fluid boundaries that influence inclusion and legitimacy; relational enablers such as trust, learning, and cultural partnership; and systemic frictions that constrain adaptation. Across these themes, information flow proved central to coordination quality. The findings suggest that effective DEM requires shifting from control to stewarding the relational and cultural conditions that sustain collective learning and adaptability.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. © 2026 The Author(s). Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.1117 Public Health and Health Services1503 Business and Management1605 Policy and AdministrationBusiness & Management3507 Strategy, management and organisational behaviour4407 Policy and administration4408 Political scienceJournal ArticleOpenAccess10.1111/1468-5973.70134