Winchester, NivenWhite, D2026-05-212026-05-212026-04-25Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, ISSN: 1364-985X (Print); 1467-8489 (Online), Wiley. doi: 10.1111/1467-8489.701151364-985X1467-8489http://hdl.handle.net/10292/21167Synthetic dairy products are promoted as an environmentally sustainable alternative to conventional dairy goods. This paper examines the potential economic, employment and land use impacts of large-scale synthetic dairy production on Aotearoa New Zealand—the world's leading dairy exporter. Using a global, economy-wide model, we simulate a case in which synthetic dairy products are cost-competitive with conventional dairy products. Our results show that, under this scenario, New Zealand's GDP would decline by 0.5%–0.7%, and national welfare would fall by 1.2%–1.5%, with significant employment impacts on dairy-related and other sectors. The reallocation of dairy land to other uses offers limited mitigation, as global shifts in production depress the prices of other agricultural commodities. Moreover, policies aimed at preserving dairy employment are costly. These findings suggest that, if synthetic dairy products are produced at scale, policy should prioritise adaptation strategies—such as retraining and skills development—to support workers and landowners in adjusting to the resulting changes.© 2026 The Author(s). The Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Australasian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society Inc. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/38 Economics3801 Applied Economics15 Life on LandAgricultural Economics & Policy3801 Applied economicsagricultural policyagricultural technologycomputable general equilibriumland useJournal ArticleOpenAccess10.1111/1467-8489.70115