Snell, Deborah LFaulkner, Josh WWilliman, Jonathan ASilverberg, Noah DTheadom, AliceSurgenor, Lois JSiegert, Richard JHonan, Cynthia2025-09-232025-09-232025-08-01Brain Impairment, ISSN: 1443-9646 (Print); 1839-5252 (Online), CSIRO Publishing, 26(3). doi: 10.1071/ib240741443-96461839-5252http://hdl.handle.net/10292/19846Objectives To examine associations between subjective and objective cognitive problems, and factors potentially modifying these relationships, after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Methods Treatment-seeking adults (n = 95) were assessed 6 weeks (Time 1) and then 6 months later (Time 2) after mTBI. Validated questionnaires assessed cognitive, emotional and somatic mTBI symptoms, distress, catastrophising, and beliefs about symptoms and recovery. Cognitive performance was measured using the National Institutes of Health Toolbox Cognition Battery. Using correlations and linear regression, we explored associations between psychological factors, objectively measured cognitive performance and self-reported cognitive symptoms. Results There were only modest correlations between subjective cognitive symptoms and objective cognitive performance at assessment timepoints. In contrast, there were medium to large correlations between subjective cognitive symptoms, post-concussion symptom burden and psychological factors. Post-concussion symptom burden and beliefs about symptoms and recovery at Time 1 predicted persisting self-reported cognitive symptoms at Time 2. Conclusions High post-concussion symptom burden and non-recovery expectations may increase risk for persistent subjectively experienced cognitive symptoms. Our findings may guide targeted treatment efforts focusing on factors with potential to influence cognitive symptom reporting after mTBI. Summary In this study, we investigated factors that might influence cognitive recovery after concussion. We found having many post-concussion symptoms and fears of nonrecovery may increase risk for persisting cognitive symptoms. Our findings may guide targeted treatment efforts focusing on factors with potential to influence cognitive symptom reporting after concussion.© 2025 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing on behalf of the Australasian Society for the Study of Brain Impairment. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/5203 Clinical and Health Psychology42 Health Sciences52 PsychologyTraumatic Brain Injury (TBI)NeurosciencesPhysical Injury - Accidents and Adverse EffectsBehavioral and Social ScienceTraumatic Head and Spine InjuryBrain DisordersMind and BodyClinical Research2.3 Psychological, social and economic factorsMental health11 Medical and Health Sciences17 Psychology and Cognitive Sciences32 Biomedical and clinical sciences42 Health sciences52 PsychologyJournal ArticleOpenAccess10.1071/ib24074