Mehnaz, LRahman, AKabir, H2024-01-102024-01-102023-11-13Journal of Contemporary Accounting and Economics, ISSN: 1815-5669 (Print), Elsevier BV, 19(3), 100382-100382. doi: 10.1016/j.jcae.2023.1003821815-5669http://hdl.handle.net/10292/17091We examine the influence of concerns relating to violation of the borrowing covenant on the investors’ valuation of Level 3 fair value adjustments. We reason that managerial bias in Level 3 fair value estimation is greater for firms approaching violation of the borrowing covenant. Based on a sample of Australian real estate firms, we find that managers report upward adjustments to Level 3 investment property values when they approach the threshold where the borrowing covenant is violated; and further find that this deliberate use of discretion is significant for firms closer to the interest coverage thresholds, but not for those approaching the gearing thresholds. We then find that, while fair value adjustments are priced positively, investors apply incremental discounts for firms closer to the violation threshold, or firms which are in technical default of borrowing covenants relative to those that are far from violation. Additionally, we show that the pricing discount on fair value adjustments attributable to the concern over covenant violation is significant only for the weaker governance sub-sample, indicating that effective monitoring mitigates faithful representation concerns about Level 3 fair value estimations.© 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/3501 Accounting, Auditing and Accountability3502 Banking, Finance and Investment35 Commerce, Management, Tourism and Services3507 Strategy, Management and Organisational Behaviour1402 Applied Economics1501 Accounting, Auditing and Accountability1502 Banking, Finance and Investment3501 Accounting, auditing and accountability3502 Banking, finance and investment3801 Applied economicsJournal ArticleOpenAccess10.1016/j.jcae.2023.100382