Chan, FrancisSokolova, InnaVopel, Kay2025-02-192025-02-192025-02-04Chan, F., Sokolova, I. & Vopel, K. Ocean hypoxia: The science of climate change in the sea. Sci Rep 15, 4260 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-86706-42045-23222045-2322http://hdl.handle.net/10292/18699The oxygen inventory of the global ocean is declining. This phenomenon, known as ocean deoxygenation, has emerged as a fundamental pathway for climate change to alter marine ecosystems. An important concern is how this global oxygen decline will manifest in coastal and oceanic systems that are already subject to low oxygen, or hypoxic conditions. There is also a clear need to understand how the intensification and/or expansion of hypoxia will affect ocean food webs and biogeochemical cycles. Building a predictive understanding of ocean hypoxia is a multi-scaled and multi-disciplinary research endeavor. Recent advances in ocean observation, experimental biology, and ecosystem modeling are being applied to ocean hypoxia research to reshape our understanding of the future ocean.Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/37 Earth Sciences3708 Oceanography31 Biological Sciences41 Environmental Sciences14 Life Below Water13 Climate ActionOther Form of Assessable OutputOpenAccess10.1038/s41598-025-86706-4