Wang, Ru-TeHan, HeuiwonLee, Bible2026-04-012026-04-012026-03-24Rangahau Aranga: AUT Graduate Review, 5(1).http://hdl.handle.net/10292/20863Dental caries remains a prevalent yet largely preventable non-communicable disease. In Aotearoa New Zealand, child caries persists despite publicly funded oral health services. This commentary applies a social epidemiological lens to children’s dental caries, examining how social, political and economic structures shape oral health, and highlighting gaps in evidence for Asian children. The paper draws on New Zealand and international literature on child caries, policy and governance, and equity frameworks, including Te Tiriti o Waitangi and Kaupapa Māori scholarship, with attention to ethnicity data practices and structural racism. National reporting demonstrates persistent inequities for Māori and Pacific children; however, Asian children are often aggregated into an “Other” category, obscuring heterogeneity. Where Asian children are analysed separately, emerging evidence indicates elevated odds of multiple caries at first dental visits and rising hospital admissions for dental treatment under general anaesthesia, challenging “model minority” assumptions. Explanations focused only on language, acculturation or “cultural beliefs” risk reinforcing Eurocentrism when detached from historical and structural determinants. Equity-oriented action requires culturally safe, structurally informed research and policy, including nationally standardised, ethnicity-disaggregated oral health data and prevention and access strategies co-designed with Asian communities.Copyright (c) 2026 Ru-Te Wang, Heuiwon Han, Bible Sung Kyong Lee. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.320307 Oral medicine and pathology420210 Social epidemiology4206 Public healthOral healthAsian healthAsian childrenSocial epidemiologyTangata TiritiJournal ArticleOpenAccess10.24135/rangahau-aranga.v5i1.333