Effective Recruitment or Bot Attack? The Challenge of Internet-Based Research Surveys and Recommendations to Reduce Risk and Improve Robustness

Donkin, LiesjeHenry, NathanKercher, AmyPedersen, MangorWilson, HollyChan, Amy Hai Yan2025-04-162025-04-162024-05-15Interactive Journal of Medical Research, ISSN: 1929-073X (Print); 1929-073X (Online), JMIR Publications Inc., 14, e60548-. doi: 10.2196/605481929-073X1929-073Xhttp://hdl.handle.net/10292/19099Internet-based research has exploded in popularity in recent years, enabling researchers to offer both investigations and interventions to broader participant populations than ever before. However, challenges associated with internet-based research have also increased-notably, difficulties verifying participant data and deliberate data manipulation by bot and spam responses. This study presents a viewpoint based on 2 case studies where internet-based research was affected by bot and spam attacks. We aim to share the learnings from these experiences with recommendations for future research practice that may reduce the likelihood or impact of future attacks. The screening and verification processes used are presented and discussed, including the limitations of these. Based on our experience, security and screening within internet-based research platforms are partly effective, but no solution is available to protect researchers completely against bot attacks. Implications for future research and advice for health researchers are discussed.© Liesje Donkin, Nathan Henry, Amy Kercher, Mangor Pedersen, Holly Wilson, Amy Hai Yan Chan. Originally published in the Interactive Journal of Medical Research (https://www.i-jmr.org/), 14.03.2025. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in the Interactive Journal of Medical Research, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on https://www.i-jmr.org/, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/bot attacksbotsdata collectiondata integritydata manipulationfalsefalsificationfraudfraudulentinternet-based researchparticipantsresearch methodologyresearch methodsspamsurveystechnologyverificationverify32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences42 Health Sciences1103 Clinical SciencesEffective Recruitment or Bot Attack? The Challenge of Internet-Based Research Surveys and Recommendations to Reduce Risk and Improve RobustnessJournal ArticleOpenAccess10.2196/60548