Fouquet, FlorianMeehan, LisaPacheco, GailTheadom, Alice2024-10-022024-10-022024-09-18Health Economics, ISSN: 1057-9230 (Print); 1099-1050 (Online). doi: 10.1002/hec.48971057-92301099-1050http://hdl.handle.net/10292/18092The literature on health shocks finds that minor injuries have only short-term labor market impacts. However, mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs, commonly referred to as concussions) may be different as the medical literature highlights that they can have longer-term health and cognitive effects. Moreover, TBIs are one of the most common causes of disability globally, with the vast majority being mild. Thus, it is important to understand the impact of mTBIs on labor market outcomes. We use administrative data on all medically-diagnosed mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs) in New Zealand linked to monthly tax records to examine the labor market effects of a mTBI. We use a comparison group of those who suffer a mTBI at a later date to overcome potential endogeneity issues, and employ a doubly-robust difference-in-differences method. We find that suffering a mTBI has negative labor market effects. Rather than dissipating over time, these negative effects grow, representing a decrease in employment of 20 percentage points and earning losses of about a third after 48 months. Our results highlight the need for timely diagnosis and treatment to mitigate the effect of mTBIs to reduce economic and social costs.© 2024 The Author(s). Health Economics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/1117 Public Health and Health Services1402 Applied Economics1403 EconometricsHealth Policy & Services3801 Applied economics4407 Policy and administrationJournal ArticleOpenAccess10.1002/hec.4897