Voigtlaender, SebastianPawelczyk, JohannesGeiger, MarioVaios, Eugene JKarschnia, PhilippCudkowicz, MeritDietrich, JorgHaraldsen, Ira RJ HeboldFeigin, ValeryOwolabi, MayowaWhite, Tara LŚwieboda, PawełFarahany, NitaNatarajan, VivekWinter, Sebastian F2026-03-012026-03-012024-02-17Journal of Neurology, ISSN: 0340-5354 (Print); 0340-5354 (Online), Springer. doi: 10.1007/s00415-024-12220-80340-53540340-5354http://hdl.handle.net/10292/20695Neurological conditions are the leading cause of disability and mortality combined, demanding innovative, scalable, and sustainable solutions. Brain health has become a global priority with adoption of the World Health Organization's Intersectoral Global Action Plan in 2022. Simultaneously, rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) are revolutionizing neurological research and practice. This scoping review of 66 original articles explores the value of AI in neurology and brain health, systematizing the landscape for emergent clinical opportunities and future trends across the care trajectory: prevention, risk stratification, early detection, diagnosis, management, and rehabilitation. AI's potential to advance personalized precision neurology and global brain health directives hinges on resolving core challenges across four pillars-models, data, feasibility/equity, and regulation/innovation-through concerted pursuit of targeted recommendations. Paramount actions include swift, ethical, equity-focused integration of novel technologies into clinical workflows, mitigating data-related issues, counteracting digital inequity gaps, and establishing robust governance frameworks balancing safety and innovation.This is the Author's Accepted Manuscript of an article published in the Journal of Neurology © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.Artificial intelligenceBrain healthDigital healthFuture trendsMachine learningNeurologyPolicy1103 Clinical Sciences1109 NeurosciencesNeurology & Neurosurgery3202 Clinical sciences3209 NeurosciencesJournal ArticleOpenAccess10.1007/s00415-024-12220-8