Foster, MandieWhitehead, LisaO'Sullivan, ThereseHill, JulieMorelius, Evalotte2024-01-232024-01-232023-11-15Journal of Pediatric Nursing, ISSN: 0882-5963 (Print); 0882-5963 (Online), Elsevier, 1-2. doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2023.11.0010882-59630882-5963http://hdl.handle.net/10292/17131Bronfenbrener's bioecological model of human development, states children and young people (CYP) are influenced by their interaction with the environment, biological characteristics, context, and time (Bronfenbrenner, 2005). Time refers to four interacting systems being the microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem (Bronfenbrenner, 2005). The microsystem includes relationships between two or more settings with family having the greatest impact on CYP's psychosocial and emotional development (Bronfenbrenner, 2005). Dependent on the child's developmental age, capacity, and desire to be involved in research, parental and/or adult proxy support may be required or requested by the child and/or researcher. Within a child centric lens, if parental, caregiver and/or adult involvement is required researchers need to critically evaluate how this may impact on the child (Huang et al., 2016; Spriggs & Gillam, 2019). This was evident in a review of 17 manuscripts which highlighted three main ethical tensions when undertaking research with CYP (Dubois et al., 2022). It was recommended that researchers need to acknowledge CYP's position and power differential within a family, acknowledge that CYP are individuals yet are also part of a family system, and that CYP need to be provided with support, security, respect, and confidentiality (Dubois et al., 2022). To mitigate these tensions, Dubois et al. (2022) suggested that researchers build a triadic partnership with families and professionals, identify appropriate methods to empower CYP, and involve parents as partners in research (Dubois et al., 2022).Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. This is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in (see Citation). Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. The definitive version was published in (see Citation). The original publication is available at (see Publisher's Version).1110 Nursing1114 Paediatrics and Reproductive MedicineNursing3213 Paediatrics4205 NursingJournal ArticleOpenAccess10.1016/j.pedn.2023.11.001