Theadom, AliceJones, KellyStarkey, NicolaBarker-Collo, SuzanneAmeratunga, ShanthiFaulkner, JoshAo, Braden TeFeigin, V2023-08-222023-08-222023Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, ISSN: 0003-9993 (Print); 0003-9993 (Online), Elsevier, S0003-9993(23)00457-4-. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2023.07.0160003-99930003-9993http://hdl.handle.net/10292/16584OBJECTIVE: To determine if there are longer-term impacts on symptoms, health status, mood and behaviour 10-years following a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). DESIGN: Prospective cohort study SETTING: Community-based, civilian sample PARTICIPANTS: Adults aged ≥16 years at follow up who experienced a mTBI 10-years ago, and an age and sex-matched non-injured control group. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: MTBI cases and controls were asked to complete self-report assessments of functioning (WHODAS 2.0), symptoms (Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptom Questionnaire), health status (100-point scale), alcohol (AUDIT-C) and substance use (ASSIST), and whether they had engaged in any anti-social behaviours over the past 12-months. RESULTS: Data were analysed for 368 participants (184 mTBI cases and 184 age-sex matched controls). Just over a third of mTBI cases (64, 34.8%) reported that they were still affected by their index mTBI 10-years later. After adjusting for education and ethnicity, the mTBI group had statistically higher overall symptom burden (F=22.32, p<0.001, ηp2 =0.07) compared to controls. This difference remained after excluding those who experienced a recurrent TBI. The mTBI group were more than three times as likely to have engaged in anti-social behaviour during the previous 12-months (F=5.89, p=0.02). There were no group differences in health status, functioning, or problematic alcohol or substance use 10-years post-injury. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence of potential longer-term associations between mTBI, post-concussion symptoms and anti-social behaviour which warrants further evaluation. Future research should also examine if longer-term effects may be preventable with access to early rehabilitation post-injury.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/concussionlongitudinalsubstance usesymptomsTBItraumatic brain injuryworkTBIconcussionlongitudinalsubstance usesymptomstraumatic brain injurywork4201 Allied Health and Rehabilitation Science42 Health Sciences4207 Sports Science and ExerciseBehavioral and Social ScienceClinical ResearchTraumatic Brain Injury (TBI)Traumatic Head and Spine InjuryNeurosciencesBrain DisordersPhysical Injury - Accidents and Adverse EffectsSubstance Misuse2.3 Psychological, social and economic factors2 AetiologyMental health3 Good Health and Well Being1103 Clinical Sciences1106 Human Movement and Sports Sciences1117 Public Health and Health ServicesRehabilitation3202 Clinical sciences4201 Allied health and rehabilitation science4207 Sports science and exerciseJournal ArticleOpenAccess10.1016/j.apmr.2023.07.016