Amitrano, FManerkar, KAlsweiler, JMConlon, CACrowther, CAEdlin, RHarding, JEMcCowan, LMEMeyer, MPRowan, JARush, ECMcKinlay, CJD2025-09-182025-09-182025-09-05Journal of Perinatology, ISSN: 0743-8346 (Print); 1476-5543 (Online), Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 1-10. doi: 10.1038/s41372-025-02406-x0743-83461476-5543http://hdl.handle.net/10292/19817Objective: To assess the impact of gestational diabetes(GDM) detection thresholds on infant growth, nutrition, and neurodevelopment at 12-18 months. Design: Prospective cohort study within the GEMS trial(ACTRN12615000290594), which randomized pregnant women to detection of GDM using lower or higher glycemic criteria. The main outcomes were overweight/rapid weight gain; food approach appetitive score; energy intake; cognitive z-score. Result: Compared to control infants, those exposed to GDM detected and treated by higher criteria or by lower but not higher criteria that was untreated, were less likely to have increased overweight/rapid weight gain, possibly with lower energy intake. There were no important differences in appetite and cognition. Infants exposed to GDM by lower but not higher criteria that was treated were similar to controls. Conclusion: Exposure to treated GDM or untreated GDM detected by lower but not higher criteria, was not associated with increased infant risk factors for obesity or adverse cognitive outcomes.Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences3210 Nutrition and DieteticsDiabetesPediatricPreventionBehavioral and Social SciencePerinatal Period - Conditions Originating in Perinatal PeriodClinical ResearchObesityConditions Affecting the Embryonic and Fetal PeriodsNutritionClinical Trials and Supportive ActivitiesWomen's HealthReproductive health and childbirthCardiovascularMetabolic and endocrine1103 Clinical Sciences1114 Paediatrics and Reproductive MedicinePediatrics3213 PaediatricsJournal ArticleOpenAccess10.1038/s41372-025-02406-x